航空电推进电机多层波浪形拓扑及散热设计方法

徐金全; 林华鹏; 郭宏

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0498

航空电推进电机多层波浪形拓扑及散热设计方法

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0498

徐金全^{1, 2},
林华鹏¹,
郭宏^{1, 2, ,}

1.
北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院，北京 100191
2.
北京航空航天大学宁波创新研究院，宁波 315800

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金“叶企孙”科学基金(U2141226)；国家自然科学基金(52177028)；航空科学基金(201907051002)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：guohong@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TM351
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-06-17
- 录用日期: 2022-06-24
- 网络出版日期: 2022-07-04
- 整期出版日期: 2024-06-27

Multi-layer wave-shaped topology and thermal design method for aero-electric propulsion motors

XU Jinquan^{1, 2},
LIN Huapeng¹,
GUO Hong^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Ningbo Institute of Technology，Beihang University，Ningbo 315800，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China through Yeqisun Science Foundation (U2141226); National Natural Science Foundation of China (52177028); Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (201907051002)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：guohong@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
针对航空电推进电机的散热问题，提出一种基于多层波浪形散热拓扑的航空电推进电机高效散热设计方法。航空电推进电机采用多层波浪形散热拓扑，建立电机等效热网络模型，确定等效热阻、对流换热系数等重要参数，完成电机温度精确计算，并通过CFD仿真验证所建立电机等效热网络模型的准确性和有效性。以此为基础，对比分析传统散热翅和多层波浪形散热拓扑对电机功率密度的影响。基于多层波浪形散热拓扑的等效热网络模型，采用遗传学习粒子群优化(GL-PSO)算法，完成航空电推进电机高效散热优化设计。优化结果表明：相比于原始方案，优化方案的机壳质量减轻15.1%，整个电机的功率密度提升0.06 kW/kg。
- 航空电推进电机 /
- 永磁同步电机 /
- 散热结构 /
- 热网络模型 /
- 电机功率密度
Abstract:
In view of the serious heat dissipation problem of aero-electric propulsion motors, an efficient heat dissipation design method of aero-electric propulsion motors based on multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation topology was proposed. The aero-electric propulsion motor adopted a multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation topology. In addition, the equivalent thermal network model of the motor was established, and important parameters such as contact thermal resistance and convection heat transfer coefficient were determined. The motor temperature was precisely calculated, and the accuracy and effectiveness of the thermal network model of the motor were verified by CFD simulation. On this basis, the effects of traditional fin-shaped heat dissipation topologies and multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation topologies on the power density of the motor were compared. Based on the equivalent thermal network model of the multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation topology, the genetic learning particle swarm optimization (GL-PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the efficient heat dissipation design of the aero-electric propulsion motor. The optimization results show that compared with the initial scheme, the weight of motor housing in the optimized scheme is reduced by 15.1%, and the power density of the motor is increased by 0.06 kW/kg.
- aero-electric propulsion motor /
- permanent magnet synchronous motor /
- heat dissipation structure /
- thermal network model /
- power density of motor

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图 1 航空电推进电机基本结构

Figure 1. Basic structure of aero-electric propulsion motor

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图 2 多层波浪形散热结构

Figure 2. Multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation structure

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图 3 波浪结构的尺寸参数

Figure 3. Dimensional parameters of wave structures

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图 4 电机机壳的等效热网络模型

Figure 4. Equivalent thermal network model of motor housing

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图 5 基于多层波浪形拓扑的电机等效热网络模型

Figure 5. Equivalent thermal network model of motor based on multi-layer wave-shaped topology

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图 6 电机二维场电磁有限元模型

Figure 6. 2D field electromagnetic finite element model of motor

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图 7 电机额定负载时定子铁耗

Figure 7. Core loss of stator at rated load of motor

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图 8 电机额定负载时永磁体涡流损耗

Figure 8. Eddy loss of permanent magnet at rated load of motor

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图 9 机壳计算域网格剖分

Figure 9. Mesh in computing domain of motor housing

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图 10 网格独立性验证

Figure 10. Verification of mesh independence

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图 11 机壳CFD仿真结果

Figure 11. CFD simulation results of motor housing

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图 12 传统散热翅结构

Figure 12. Traditional fin-shaped heat dissipation structure

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图 13 传统散热翅结构示意图

Figure 13. Diagram of traditional fin-shaped heat dissipation structure

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图 14 基于散热翅拓扑的电机等效热网络模型

Figure 14. Equivalent thermal network model of motor based on fin-shaped heat dissipation topology

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图 15 GL-PSO算法流程

Figure 15. Flowchart of GL-PSO algorithm

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图 16 多层波浪形散热结构优化结果

Figure 16. Optimization results of multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation structure

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表 1 航空电推进电机的基本参数

Table 1. Basic parameters of aero-electric propulsion motor

参数	数值
额定功率/kW	20
额定转速/(r·min⁻¹)	3000
相数	3
定子极数	22
定子槽数	24
定子外径/mm	198
定子内径/mm	153
气隙长度/mm	1.0
转子内径/mm	128.6
定子铁心轴向长度/mm	42

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表 2 多层波浪形散热结构的尺寸参数

Table 2. Dimensional parameters of multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation structure

参数	数值
层数	3
层间厚度/mm	0.8
波浪厚度/mm	0.8
波浪宽度/mm	6 .28
波浪数量	80
轴向长度/mm	82

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表 3 电机机壳表面的对流换热系数

Table 3. Convection heat transfer coefficient of motor housing

接触面	对流换热系数/(W·(m²·℃)⁻¹)
入风口处散热结构表面	147.70
中间段散热结构表面	91.91
出风口处散热结构表面	76.28
机壳外表面	89.08

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表 4 电机的接触热阻

Table 4. Contact thermal resistance of motor

接触面	接触热阻/(℃·W⁻¹)
定子铁心和机壳的接触面	0.043
定子铁心和定子槽绝缘层接触面	0.022
电机绕组和定子槽绝缘层接触面	0.028
永磁体和转子铁心接触面	0.013
转子铁心和转轴接触面	0.010

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表 5 电机损耗

Table 5. Loss of motor W

定子铁耗	铜耗	永磁体涡流损耗
229	451	131

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表 6 电机各部分温度计算结果

Table 6. Temperature calculation results of each part of motor

电机位置	温度/℃
机壳位置1	41.3
机壳位置2	42.5
机壳位置3	43.6
机壳位置4	44.7
机壳位置5	45.4
电机定子齿部	94.6
电机定子轭部	76.0
绕组端部最高温度	171.7
定子绕组平均温度	147.8
永磁体	114.3
转子铁心	112.7
转轴	110.6

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表 7 电机热网络计算温度与CFD仿真温度对比

Table 7. Comparison of temperatures calculated by thermal network model and simulated by CFD model

电机位置	热网络计算温度/℃	CFD仿真计算温度/℃	误差/%
机壳位置1	41.3	41.2	0.24
机壳位置2	42.5	42.3	0.47
机壳位置3	43.6	43.3	0.69
机壳位置4	44.7	44.3	0.89
机壳位置5	45.4	45.0	0.88

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表 8 传统散热翅结构的尺寸参数

Table 8. Dimensional parameters of traditional fin-shaped heat dissipation structure

参数	数值
散热翅长度F_len/mm	16
散热翅宽度F_w /mm	1
散热翅间距F_gap /mm	4.5
散热翅数量F_num	142
散热翅轴向长度F_axial/mm	82

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表 9 传统散热翅结构与多层波浪形散热结构电机性能对比

Table 9. Comparison of motor performance between traditional fin-shaped heat dissipation structure and multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation structure

散热结构	绕组最高温度/℃	机壳质量/kg	电机质量/kg	电机整体功率密度/(kW·kg⁻¹)
传统散热翅结构	174.6	1.83	9.17	2.18
多层波浪形散热结构	173.4	1.39	8.73	2.29

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表 10 多层波浪形散热结构优化方案的尺寸参数

Table 10. Dimensional parameters of multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation structure in optimized scheme

参数	数值
波浪层数F_layer	3
层间厚度/mm	0.5
波浪厚度F_thk/mm	0.5
波浪宽度/mm	6.28
波浪数量F_num2	66
轴向长度/mm	82

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表 11 多层波浪形散热结构原始方案和优化方案的电机功率密度对比

Table 11. Comparison of motor power densities of multi-layer wave-shaped heat dissipation structure between original scheme and optimized scheme

方案	绕组最高温度/℃	机壳质量/kg	电机质量/kg	电机整体功率密度/(kW·kg⁻¹)
原始方案	173.4	1.39	8.73	2.29
优化方案	178.8	1.18	8.52	2.35

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