| Citation: | LIU S S，LEI X R，SONG Z Y，et al. Influence of unloading groove opening of port plate of plunger pumps on transient flow field characteristics[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2024，50（9）：2919-2929 （in Chinese） doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0713
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Cavitation in axial plunger pumps is a main factor affecting its comprehensive performance. The damage in the surface of plunger cylinder is a common failure mode, but the cause is not clear. In view of this damage reason, a three-dimensional CFD model of the pump was established, and a visualization device was designed to observe the flow field characteristics of single plunger cavity and unloading groove on state, so the cause relationship was revealed by simulation and visual measurement of the flow field. The results show that the jet angle increases with the increase in unloading groove opening, accompanied by the generation and disappearance of the vortex, the vortex is generated when the central velocity of the jet is greater than 20 m/s. The simulation results further show that during the transition of the plunger and unloading groove from on state to complete cut-off, the jet angle increases from 0° to 60° gradually. When the jet angle changes from 0° to 20°, the jet direction mainly concentrates on the contact surface between the plunger type cylinder and the waistband groove of the port plate, which leads to jet damage and cavitation damage on the friction surface of the plunger type cylinder and the upper part of the oil absorption waistband groove of the port plate. When the jet angle changes from 20° to 60°, the jet angle expands to the inside of the waistband groove of the port plate, which causes the damaged area of the port plate to move from the upper part to the inside. The formation and disappearance of the vortex are related to the central velocity of the jet. The above research results are helpful in clarifying the causes of cavitation damage on the friction surface of plunger type cylinders, and they provide constraints for the optimization design of port plate structure and have important significance for improving the comprehensive performance of plunger pumps.
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