Abstract: Provincial capital cities play an exemplary and leading role in Eco-civilization Construction. Scientific and reasonable assessment indexes provide right direction in Eco-civilization Construction. Three provincial capital cities,Guiyang,Hangzhou,and Nanjing,have sequentially put forward respective construction projects and relevant assessment index systems. By comparative analysis, it is found that the assessment index systems of the cities show more variety than overall similarity under the influence of subjective and objective factors. The variety suggests China has a deeper and better understanding of Eco-civilization Construction,and the construction is hampered by a lack of consensus on the assessment system. China needs to take further steps to explore the assessment system of the Eco-civilization Construction in both theory and practice.