Abstract: The construction of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society is a new measure put forward by the Party Central Committee and an intrinsic request for us to apply the scientific outlook on development and build a harmonious society; meanwhile it is also a long-term difficult task. Gansu is an environmentally frail province, its economic development is lagging behind, and its construction of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society faces many problems. For instance, the serious ecological destruction problems, the serious environmental contamination problems, its extensive pattern of economic growth is not completely changed, the consciousness of saving of the general public is not strong enough and so on. Therefore, borrowing the successful experience of Japan and aiming at the reality of Gansu,the article suggests that only by developing a recycling economy and a low carbon economy rapidly, changing people-s ideas, adjusting the consumption mode and establishing the saving consciousness of the general public, can we build a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society and realize the harmonious development between human and society and human and nature.