Thermal design and validation of high temperature material science experiment system on China space station
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摘要:
中国空间站高温材料科学实验系统（HTMSES）是中国新一代的可长期在轨运行的综合型多功能空间材料实验装置，其组成复杂、布局紧凑、实验温度高、部组件散热困难，使热控设计难度较大。基于液冷主动控温、辐射间接控温、结构热控一体化协同优化设计等多种思路对热控组件进行设计，有效解决热控难题。利用有限元分析软件计算科学实验系统热设计的温度结果；然后开展加热实验对热设计方案进行验证。数据显示HTMSES在提供材料制备所需要的最严苛实验工况（1 200 ℃）情况下，各关键部件处于友好的温度范围内，其中电机最高温度为42.2 ℃，编码器最高温度为40.6 ℃，丝杠最高温度为62.4 ℃，滑块最高温度为59.6 ℃，导轨最高温度为57.3 ℃，科学实验系统皮肤可触及部位最高温度为31.6 ℃，各温度结果均满足热控指标要求，表明设计方案合理可行，为同类型设备热设计提供了一种设计思路和参考依据。
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关键词:
- 高温材料科学实验系统 /
- 热控设计 /
- 液冷主动控温 /
- 辐射间接控温 /
- 热实验
Abstract:The high temperature material science experiment system (HTMSES) on China space station is a new generation of comprehensive and multi-functional space material experiment equipment, which can work in orbit for a long time. The system, with complex composition and compact layout, has the problems of high test temperature and difficulty in heat dissipation of components, which make it challenging for the thermal control design. In this study, thermal control component was designed based on multiple design methods including liquid-cooled thermal control, indirect radiation thermal control, and collaborative optimization design of integrated structural and thermal control, which effectively solved the thermal control problems. Temperature results of thermal design are calculated by finite element analysis software. Then, a thermal experiment on the whole science system was carried out to verify the correctness of the thermal design. Data shows when the HTMSES provides the most stringent experiment case required for material preparation (at 1 200 ℃), the key components are in the friendly temperature range. The maximum temperature of the motors is 42.2 ℃, the maximum temperature of the encoders is 40.6 ℃, the maximum temperature of the screws is 62.4 ℃, the maximum temperature of the sliders is 59.6 ℃, the maximum temperature of the rails is 57.3 ℃, and the maximum temperature of the accessible sites of the skin of HTMSES is 31.6 ℃. All the temperature results meet the requirements of the thermal control index, indicating that the thermal design is correct and feasible, and provides a design reference for the thermal control design of similar equipment.
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图 3 传动机构散热方案示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of heat dissipation scheme of drive mechanism
表 1 最严苛实验工况
Table 1. The most stringent experiment case
实验工况参数 数值 加热区温度/℃ 1200 实验气压环境/Pa 500 加热炉1与加热炉2间距/mm 95 加热炉2与加热炉3间距/mm 0 加热炉1侧面外壳温度/℃ 271.6 加热炉1上端外壳温度 471 加热炉1下端外壳温度/℃ 430.2 加热炉2侧面外壳温度/℃ 284.4 加热炉2上端外壳温度/℃ 556 加热炉3侧面外壳温度/℃ 305.7 加热炉3下端外壳温度/℃ 227.7 
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表 2 关键部组件热控指标
Table 2. Thermal control indicator of key components
名称 温度/℃ 电机 10～60 编码器 10～55 丝杠 5～75 导轨 5～75 滑块 5～75 裸露皮肤可触及部位 10～45
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表 4 仿真主要参数
Table 4. Dimensions of simulation
进口液体
流量/（L·h−1）进口液体
温度/℃舱内对流换
热系数/(W(m2·K))−1舱内环境
温度/℃90 26.5 2 25
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表 5 关键部组件热分析结果
Table 5. Results of key components
℃ 名称 热分析最高温度 指标要求 电机 45.7 10～60 编码器 44.8 10～55 丝杠 68.0 5～75 滑块 62.9 5～75 导轨 62.8 5～75 皮肤可触及部位 35.8 10～45
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表 6 热实验与热分析结果对比
Table 6. Results comparison of thermal analysis/test
℃ 名称 热分析最高温度 热实验最高温度 指标要求 电机 45.7 42.2 10～60 编码器 44.8 40.6 10～55 丝杠 68.0 62.4 5～75 滑块 62.9 59.6 5～75 导轨 62.8 57.3 5～75 皮肤可触及部位 35.8 31.6 10～45
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