| Citation: | HU K，LI C，HU J P，et al. Robust multiple watermarking algorithm for color image via BEMD and DCT[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2023，49（1）：165-176 （in Chinese） doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0214
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In order to solve the problem that the color image watermarking algorithm has low algorithm fault tolerance, and the size matching problem between the host image and the watermark image during embedding, and to improve the robustness of the algorithm in attack resistance, this paper proposes a robust multiple water-marking algorithm for color images based on bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) and discrete cosine transform (DCT). Firstly, Arnold transform is used to scramble three binary watermark images. Then, the RGB channels of the color host image are then decomposed using BEMD in addition to derive the intrinsic modal functions (IMFs) and residues for each channel. The first IMF of each channel is selected as the watermark embedding layer and recorded as IMF1. After that, each channel is divided into non-overlapping sub-blocks, and DCT is performed on each sub-blocks. Finally, the scrambled binary watermark image is repeatedly embedded in the middle bands coefficients of each channel sub-block after a Zigzag scan, and the inverse Zigzag scan and inverse DCT are adopted to obtain the IMF1 after embedding watermark information in each channel, and then the remaining intrinsic modal functions and residues of each channel are used to reconstruct the color image after the watermark embedding. The watermark extraction is the inverse of the watermark embedding process. The algorithm in this paper can implement blind extraction of embedded watermarks. In the process of watermark extraction, the voting strategy is used to extract the repeatedly embedded watermarks, which enhances the fault tolerance of the algorithm. A large number of experimental results show that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of the host images is above 34 dB after several watermarks have been embedded on various sets of host photos, according to a vast number of experimental results, and the watermark images have a high degree of invisibility. The host images after embedding can be against various attacks such as large-scale cropping, salt and pepper noise, etc. The values of the extracted watermark images are all above 0.96, and some can reach 1, watermark images can be completely extracted and precisely recognized. Compared with a large number of existing color image watermarking algorithms, the color image watermarking algorithm proposed in this paper has a strong ability to resist various attacks, and the images after embedding watermarks have higher invisibility.
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