| Citation: | ZHU Z H，XIAO T H，XU Y N，et al. Adjoint-based adaptive Cartesian mesh refinement for sonic boom prediction[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2023，49（9）：2432-2441 （in Chinese） doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2021.0689
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In view of the sonic boom prediction for supersonic transport, this paper develops a numerical method for supersonic near-field based on a finite volume scheme and an adjoint-based Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement for the governing equations. By solving the adjoint equation on an embedded-boundary Cartesian mesh, it can be determined that how sensitive the chosen output functional is to the residual of the discretized Euler equations, such as the surface integral of the related pressure signatures. Then, the computed adjoint variables render a correction term to improve the accuracy of the function on the coarse mesh and direct estimation of the remaining error to form an error estimate and a localized refinement parameter, according to which the Cartesian grid cells are locally refined subsequently. As a result, local mesh refinement steadily reduces each cell’s remaining error, improving the output function’s computational correctness. The 69° delta wing-body and NASA C25D configuration with powered nacelle are employed as validation cases where the computed results are compared with the documented experimental tests. Results show that compared with feature-based mesh refinement, the present adjoint-based refinement method captures the shock and expansion waves and the near-field pressure signatures with higher accuracy at a less computational cost, indicating its effectiveness and efficiency for sonic boom prediction.
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