| Citation: | YANG W J，SHAO L，LIU W H，et al. Numerical modeling of water contaminants in aircraft fuel tank[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics，2024，50（11）：3578-3586 （in Chinese） doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0850
|
In order to study the effects of initial temperature, initial relative humidity, fuel load, and relative saturation of dissolved water on dissolved water, condensed water, precipitated water, and free water, this paper established a water contaminant generation model based on the heat and mass transfer equation. The results show that: Among the four factors, the initial temperature has the greatest influence on the formation of water contaminants. With the increase in the initial temperature, the condensed water decreases first and then increases, and the free water increases. The free water generated at the initial temperature of 310 K is 177% higher than that generated at 270 K. The effect of initial relative humidity is the smallest. With the increase in the initial relative humidity, the condensed water shows an increasing trend, and the initial relative humidity of 100% results in a generation of 0.68 L of condensed water, which is 1.1 times 0.619 L generated at the initial relative humidity of 40%. The increase in fuel load will lead to the phenomenon of fuel re-absorption in the descent stage, and with the increase in fuel load, the phenomenon of fuel re-absorption is strengthened. The amount of condensed water shows a decreasing trend, while the free water shows an increasing trend. When the fuel load is 100%, 1.009 L of free water is generated, which is 1.79 times 0.561 L generated at the fuel load of 40%. The increase in the relative saturation of dissolved water will lead to an increase in the amount of precipitated water, thus increasing the total amount of free water. The total free water generated at the relative saturation of the dissolved water of 100% is 0.793 L, which is 2.37 times 0.335 L generated at the initial solubility of 40%.
| [1] |
PASSMAN F. Microbial contamination and its control in fuels and fuel systems since 1980—a review[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2013, 81: 88-104.
|
| [2] |
HILL E C, HILL G C. Microbial contamination and associated corrosion in fuels, during storage, distribution and use[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2008, 38: 257-268. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.38.257
|
| [3] |
BRANCH A A I. Report on the accident to Boeing 777-236ER, GYMMM [R]. Hampshire: Air Accidents Inves-tigation Branch, 2010.
|
| [4] |
LAM J, HETHERINGTON J I, CARPENTER M. Ice growth in aviation jet fuel[J]. Fuel, 2013, 113: 402-406. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.048
|
| [5] |
ORESHENKOV A V. Accumulation of water in jet fuels. mathematical modeling of the process[J]. Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 2004, 40(5): 320-325. doi: 10.1023/B:CAFO.0000046266.83408.d7
|
| [6] |
HEMIGHAUS G, BOVAL T, BACHA J, et al. Aviation fuels technical review[M]. California: Chevron Corporation, 2006: 1-90.
|
| [7] |
BAENA S, LAWSON D C P, W LAM D J K. Cold fuel test rig to investigate ice accretion on different pump inlet filter-mesh screens[C]// Proceedings of 28th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences. Brisbane: International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 2012: 3679-3689.
|
| [8] |
LAWSON C P, LIM K M. The state-of-the-art and the future of water management within fuel tanks[C]// Proceedings of 26th International Congress of the Aeronautical Sciences. Alaska: International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 2008: 2087-2097.
|
| [9] |
BAENA S, LAM J K W, LAWSON C. Effects of ice accre-tion in an aircraft protective mesh strainer of a fuel pump[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. Warrendale: SAE International, 2015: 2449-2457.
|
| [10] |
SCHMITZ M, SCHMITZ G. Experimental study on the accretion and release of ice in aviation jet fuel[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2018, 82/83: 294-303. doi: 10.1016/j.ast.2018.08.034
|
| [11] |
LAM J K W, CARPENTER M D, WILLIAMS C A, et al. Water solubility characteristics of current aviation jet fuels[J]. Fuel, 2014, 133: 26-33. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.04.091
|
| [12] |
NAYA S, CAO R, FRANCISCO-FERNÁNDEZ M, et al. Estimating water and solid impurities in jet fuel from ISO codes[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2013, 27(12): 7858-7867.
|
| [13] |
BAENA-ZAMBRANA S, REPETTO S L, LAWSON C P, et al. Behaviour of water in jet fuel—a literature review[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2013, 60: 35-44. doi: 10.1016/j.paerosci.2012.12.001
|
| [14] |
LANGTON R, CLARK C, HEWITT M, et al. Aircraft fuel systems[M]. New York: Wiley, 2009.
|
| [15] |
LAO L Y, RAMSHAW C, YEUNG H, et al. Behaviour of water in jet fuel in a simulated fuel tank[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. Warrendale: SAE International, 2011.
|
| [16] |
LIANG Z D. Corrosion of aluminum alloy in aircraft fuel tank compartments due to condensed water[J]. CORROSION, 1992, 48(6): 514-517. doi: 10.5006/1.3315968
|
| [17] |
TERADA Y, LAWSON C P, SHAHNEH A Z. Analytical investigation into the effects of nitrogen enriched air bubbles to improve aircraft fuel system water management[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2019, 233(3): 861-870. doi: 10.1177/0954410017742422
|
| [18] |
TOMLINSON S, BARKER M, VENN D, et al. Mathematical model of water contamination in aircraft fuel tanks[C]// SAE Technical Paper Series. Warrendale: SAE International, 2011.
|
| [19] |
ZHEREBTSOV V L, PEGANOVA M M. Water solubility versus temperature in jet aviation fuel[J]. Fuel, 2012, 102: 831-834. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.06.070
|
| [20] |
CARPENTER M D, HETHERINGTON J I, LAO L, et al. Behaviour of water in aviation fuels at low temperature[C]//12th International Conference on Stability, Handling and Use of Liquid Fuels. Florida: International Association for Stability Handling and Use of Liquid Fuels, Inc. , 2011: 1036-1062.
|
| [21] |
WETTERWALD M, LAWSON C, LAM J. Feasibility study of OBIGGS for water contamination control in aircraft fuel tanks[C]// Proceedings of the 10th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) Conference. Reston: AIAA, 2010.
|
| [22] |
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Airworthiness standards: Transport Category: 14 CFR Part 25 [S]. Washington: CFR, 2013.
|
| [23] |
中国民用航空总局. 中国民用航空规章第 25 部: 运输类飞机适航标准: CCAR-25-R3—2001[S/OL]. [2001-05-14]. http://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/MHGZ/201511/P020151103350126412647.pdf.
Civil Aviation Administration of China. Civil Aviation Regulations of China, Part 25: Airworthiness standards for transport aircraft: CCAR-25-R3—2001[S/OL]. [2001-05-14]. http://www.caac.gov.cn/XXGK/XXGK/MHGZ/201511/P020151103350126412647.pdf(in Chinese).
|
| [24] |
CHEN T, XU X, HU J Q, et al. Water behavior of current jet fuel versus operating conditions: Storage time, temperature, relative humidity and anti-icing agent[J]. Fuel, 2022, 309: 122088. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122088
|
| [25] |
KARGER D N, CONRAD O, BÖHNER J, et al. Climatologies at high resolution for the earth’s land surface areas[J]. Scientific Data, 2017, 4: 170122. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2017.122
|
| [26] |
BOGLER A, LIN S H, BAR-ZEEV E. Biofouling of membrane distillation, forward osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis: Principles, impacts and future directions[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 542: 378-398. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.001
|
| [27] |
HUANG J Y, LIN C J, LI Y, et al. Effects of humidity, aerosol, and cloud on subambient radiative cooling[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2022, 186: 122438. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122438
|
| [28] |
International Organization for Standardization. Standard atmosphere: ISO 2533: 1975[S]. Geneva: ISO, 1975: 1-3.
|
Figures(8) / Tables(2)
Copyright © Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Address: Editorial Department of Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing Post Code: 100191 Email: jbuaa@buaa.edu.cn
Supported by:
Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co., Ltd.
DownLoad:
