Optimal trajectory formation and control of human arm point-to-point movement

[1] Morasso P.Spatial control of arm movements [J].Experimental Brain Research,1981,42(2):223-227 [2] Hasan Z.Optimized movement trajectories and joint stiffness in unperturbed,inertially loaded movements [J].Biological Cybernetics,1986,53(2):373-382 [3] Kashima T,Isurugi Y.Trajectory formation based on physiological characteristics of skeletal muscle [J].Biological Cybernetics,1998,78(6):413-422 [4] Kashima T,Isurugi Y,Shima M.Analysis of a muscular control system in human movements[J].Biological Cybernetics,2000,82(2):123-131 [5] Hill A V.The heat of shortening and dynamic constants of muscle[J].Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B:Biological Sciences,1938,126(843):136-195 [6] Feldman A G.Functional tuning of the nervous system with control of movement or maintenance of a steady posture:Controllable parameters of the muscles[J].Biophysics,1966(11):498-508 [7] Kistemaker D A,Van Soest A J,Bobbert M F.A model of open-loop control of equilibrium position and stiffness of the human elbow joint[J].Biological Cybernetics,2007,96(3):341-350 [8] Clapa D J,Croft E A,Hodgson A J.Equilibrium point control of a 2-DOF manipulator[J].Journal of Dynamic Systems,Measurement,and Control,2006,128(1):134-141