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2013 Vol. 39, No. 12

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Reentry guidance for hypersonic vehicle based on predictor-corrector method
Wang Qing, Ran Maopeng, Zhao Yang
2013, 39(12): 1563-1567.
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An energy-based predictor-corrector guidance algorithm was proposed to handle the need for high precision and robustness of reentry guidance for hypersonic vehicle. A detailed derivation of three degrees of freedom reentry kinematic equations based on energy was conducted, and the path constraints and terminal constraints were also included. Based on the derivation, the longitudinal and lateral guidance law was designed. For the longitudinal part, longitudinal range errors were repeatedly calculated, and a fuzzy corrector was designed to eliminate the errors which guarantee the accuracy of the longitudinal guidance; for the lateral guidance law, a cross-range error based lateral reversal logic was designed, whenever the cross-range exceeds the sited boundaries, a bank reversal was conducted. Simulation results on both standard and deviation conditions verified the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law.
Analysis of service ceiling on piston aero-engine
Xu Bin, Tan Longxing, Yang Shichun, Ji Fenzhu
2013, 39(12): 1568-1572.
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A model created by GT-power which had been verificated by experiment was analysed to find the criterion which eventually was found associated with its available range.The general criterion of how to determine the service ceiling of piston aero-engine was proposed in theory.The internal causes about the criterion was found by analysing its work process and regularity of control.A equation was established about the parameter of compressor and turbo to determine the service ceiling of engine.To reach the motive force requirement of high altitude light aero-plane,a two-stage turbo charging system matching the engine well was designed for the engine.The available range and service ceiling of the two-stage turbo charging aero-engine were established by simulation and the criterion proposed.The suggestion of how to improve the new engine was gived.
Multiple indicators optimization for stuffed Whipple shield ballistic limit equation
Jia Guanghui, Ouyang Zhijiang, Jiang Hui, Li Xuan
2013, 39(12): 1573-1577,1583.
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In order to obtain the hypervelocity impact ballistic limit equation suiting for domestic stuffed Whipple shield, multiple indicators optimization method was studied. Based on domestic data, the NASA's ballistic limit equation of stuffed Whipple shield was revised. The results show that, joint the first kind of indicators(totality predicted rate and safety predicted rate) and the second kind of indicator (sum of squared prediction errors) together, better predicted equation can be obtained by correcting the coefficients of the stuffed Whipple shield ballistic limit equation. By correcting the coefficients of ballistic region and hypervelocity region, the corrected ballistic limit equations-totality predicted rate achieve 93.3%, 90% and 88.9% respectively for single-filled group, dual-filled group with single material and dual-filled group with two materials. And their safety predicted rate all reach up to 100%. So they can perfectly meet the engineering requirements. It is obvious that correcting the ballistic limit equations basing on experimental data for different kinds of stuffed Whipple shields, better predicted equations can be obtained for corresponding structures.
Thermal-dynamic simulation of stratospheric balloon
Liu Qiang, Wu Zhe, Zhu Ming, Xu Weiqiang
2013, 39(12): 1578-1583.
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In respect for the thermal-dynamic simulation of stratospheric balloon, a comprehensive model that can calculate the ascending trajectoryand, the velocity variation as well as the film temperature distribution was proposed. Basic thermal characteristic and loaded forces of the balloon were analyzed.The dynamic and themotion equations were established to calculate the trajectory and velocity of the balloon. By dividing the balloon film into surface elements, the transient thermal equations of the film element was described to calculate the film temperature distribution.Measured wind data was introduced to simulate the thermal-dynamic performance at any moment during ascending and floating in real wind circumstances.
Simulation for pointing manipulation performance of pilot
Xue Hongjun, Zheng Shuo, Tie Yanqing, Liu Xiao
2013, 39(12): 1584-1590.
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The design and layout of human-machine interface through static reach and visual zone in the cockpit cannot ensure the pilot-s safe operation capability in the face of overload and vibration. In order for the optimization of layout of human-machine interface, muscle-skeleton model of LifeMOD platform was built. Pilot motion capture data under normal condition was used to train muscle of pilot model and build pilot operation model. Pilot Kometic simulation model with muscle units was built based on pilot operation model so that anti-kinetics simulation and analysis can be done. By adding ±Z and +X direction acceleration and Z and Y direction vibration to the pilot-seat model and the affect of the target-pointing operation due to multi-acceleration and vibration in cockpit was obtained. The results suggest that emergency operation equipment can be positioned in central control panel in which the acceleration and vibration has least impact to ensure that pilot can operate timely and accurately in emergency and eventually to promote flight safety. Simulation for pointing manipulation performance of pilot in unusual circumstances can guide the optimization layout of cockpit human-machine interface and improve plane emergency operation safety.
Full 3D relative stream surface iterative solution of the multistage transonic turbine in liquid rocket engines
Lei Zongqi, Liang Guozhu
2013, 39(12): 1591-1595.
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A three dimension transonic flow field solver for a multistage turbine in liquid rocket engine was developed based on relative stream surface theory and streamline curvature approach. The stream surfaces were calculated with the streamline curvature approach and the full three dimension flow field was solved by stream surface iterations. The throat was located by comparison of critical mass flux. The interaction between vanes and blades was dealt with the idea of mixing plane. Loss models were adopted to calculate the influence of shock wave and viscosity. The supersonic/subsonic flow conditions in different stages were filtered by comparison of exit parameters. The solver gave accurate flow parameter distribution and performance parameters of transonic multistage turbine, thus provides a theoretical basis for improving the design and performance of liquid rocket engine turbine.
Structural bionic design for aircraft cover plate based on leaf vein branched structure
Liu Liangbao, Chen Wuyi
2013, 39(12): 1596-1600.
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Light-weight is a crucial requirement for structural design of thin walled parts. In the case of original aircraft cover plate, the leaf vein distribution principle of a giant waterlily was analyzed and applied to structural bionic design for original structure. Using ANSYS APDL as a finite element analysis tool, the parametric model of bionic structure was obtained and the best structural parameter of ribs in the bionic structure was presented through optimization. The finite element analysis (FEA) results indicate that, compared with original structure, the optimized bionic structure has less weight, higher efficiency of specific strength, better static mechanical performances.
Predictive sliding mode control for aero-engine based on RBF network
Miao Zhuoguang, Xie Shousheng, Ding Jian, Wang Lei
2013, 39(12): 1601-1606.
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A method of predictive sliding mode control based on RBF network was put forward for aero-engine with uncertainty and strong nonlinearity. The method drew lessons from the ideology of predictive control. Predictive modal of aero-engine was established by using RBF network and sliding mode predictive modal was deduced. Sliding mode predictive modal was modified online by adjusting network parameters. And the control value was get by making rolling optimization. Full flight envelop control was made using another RBF network. The stability condition was analyzed. Simulation results show that the devised controller has good effect and restrains the influence of parameters perturbation and interfere.
Measuring orientation optimization for aircraft structural parts inspection with coordinate measuring machines
Zeng Debiao, Zheng Guolei, Zeng Chunling
2013, 39(12): 1607-1613.
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Using coordinate measuring machines to inspect aircraft structural parts needs to choose a measuring orientation of the probe for each measuring point, and the total number of measuring orientations used for measuring all measuring points must be minimum. A method of measuring orientation optimization based on clustering and improved simulated annealing algorithm was proposed. Firstly, measuring points with common accessible orientations were clustered by the clustering algorithm in order to reduce the scale of the problem and increase the probability of finding the global best result with simulated annealing algorithm. Then, an improved simulated annealing algorithm was employed to search for the minimum measuring orientations used for measuring all measuring points. Testing results show that this method is capable of finding much less measuring orientations.
Reliability model of avionics WDM optical network
Liu Xiaomin, He Feng, Xiong Huagang, Tu Xiaojie
2013, 39(12): 1614-1618.
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To build the unified avionics network in advanced integrated avionics system, the avionics WDM optical network which includes avionics backbone network and edge network was proposed, and multiple ShuffleNet was applied as the model of avionics optical backbone network. To solve reliability performance evaluation problem in integrated avionics network, a model of avionics task and routing was built, meanwhile, the formula of reliability on avionics task was introduced. An illustration of ShuffleNet model was presented. Through the analysis of reliability of avionics task in ShuffleNet, the system execution time, the number of network nodes and routing hops are the dominant factors that affect the system reliability, and the number of wavelengths has little effects on reliability under the same conditions. The simulation results show that the reliability model of avionics task and calculation method can provide the theoretical basis for the analysis of reliability in avionics system.
Impacting response analysis on a deformed projectile using for breaking rock
Han Jing, Wang Hua, Niu Xinli, Jiao Guotai
2013, 39(12): 1619-1623.
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In order to study the projectile based rock-breaking method, the impacting principle of a kind of deformed projectile with the type of fan blade was systematic analyzed. On this basis the one dimension theoretical model for the impacting process was formulated. The kinematic variable values of it were calculated and the related structural parameters were discussed. The results show that the velocity relationship between the head and the tail of this deformed projectile is approximately linear, which can be expressed by the Bernolli equation. At the same time, it is beneficial for enlarging the transverse acting range when the inner slope angle is decreased and the number of notch groove is increased.
QCKF based rapid transfer alignment for large misalignment angles
Chen Yu, Zhao Yan, Li Qunsheng
2013, 39(12): 1624-1628.
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A quaternion cubature Kalman filter(QCKF) based rapid transfer alignment for airborne weapon-s strapdown inertial navigation system with large misalignment angles was presented. The transfer alignment of velocity plus attitude match model based on multiplicative quaternion was derived. The idea of augmenting the noise into the state vector was adopted to handle the nonlinear process and measurement noise. Considering the rotation quaternion has the characteristics of normalization and quaternion with opposite sign represents the same rotation, the weighted averaging of quaternion part in cubature Kalman filter(CKF) algorithm was changed into projection length weighted averaging with constraint conditions and the quaternion-s sign was processed before calculating covariance in the CKF algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the alignment accuracy in large misalignment angles case.
On influence of structural errors for hexagonal phased array antennas
Hu Xuemei, Kang Mingkui, Wang Wei, Wang Meng
2013, 39(12): 1629-1632,1664.
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The electromagnetic performance of phased array antenna (PAA) is degraded because of the array plane structural error caused by manufacturing processing and assembly. It seriously restrict the realization of high performance of the phased array antenna. Therefore, by introducing the plane structural errors into the antenna pattern function as an additional phase factor, a coupled structural-electromagnetic model was developed, which described the effect on the performance of planar hexagonal phased array antenna with the plane structural errors. The direct influence relationship of the electromagnetic performances of antenna with the plane installation accuracy and planar tolerance was analyzed. The critical value of array plane structural error was given when meet antenna performance requirement. The analysis results provide a theoretical guidance for the engineer to set the tolerance in manufacturing antenna.
GA-based optimization of SFN coverage probability for DTMB
Li Caiwei, Zhang Xiaolin, Li Chen, Yu Zhijian
2013, 39(12): 1633-1638.
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A method to predict single frequency network (SFN) coverage probability for terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (DTMB) was presented. It considers actual receiver interference model. The signal summation method is k-LNM. The location probability for coverage cell is calculated by complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF). It has less calculation and more practical results. SFN causes artificial multi-path. An optimization approach based on genetic algorithm (GA) was proposed, which dealt with the optimal adjustment of internal delays at the transmitters to minimize self-interference area. It doesn-t need to change power, site and antenna of transmitters. The cost is zero. It overcomes the difficulty with manual adjustment of the delays with large numbers of transmitters and has high degree of precision. It was applied to realistic scenarios of DTMB SFN planning in a certain area of China. The coverage probability is greatly improved after optimization, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of this method.
Online real-time health management for aerial fuel delivery system
Feng Wei, Yu Jinsong, Yuan Haiwen, Liu Hao
2013, 39(12): 1639-1643.
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To address the problems of observational information uncertainties and task deadlines encountered in the online real-time health management(HM) for aerial fuel system(AFS), the latest HM algorithms in China and aboard were researched, and an approach for health modeling and online real-time reasoning of AFS was proposed. The object-oriented method was used to develop BN health model based on the system structure model, and the global variable elimination(GVE) algorithm was applied to the offline compilation of this BN into an arithmetic circuit(AC) health model. The simulation results show that the AC, compared with the Bayesian network, can not only provide precisely online diagnosis of system faults, but also effectively meet the strict time deadlines for HM requirements, under the condition of observational information uncertainties.
Detection collision algorithm for two-manipulator system
Chen Youdong, Yan Liang, Gu Pingping
2013, 39(12): 1644-1648.
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In order to detect the collision between two manipulators in a shared workplace, a detection collision algorithm between two manipulators and a geometrical model of manipulator were proposed. The joints and links were represented by spheres and capsules (composed by a cylinder and two hemispheres in the ends of the cylinder), respectively. The calculating of the detection collision between two manipulators was turned into the calculating the distance between geometric elements. In order to calculate the distance between two capsules, a method of computing the distance between two line segments was proposed. The detection collision algorithm was simulated by a KUKA two-manipulator system, and the effectiveness of the presented detection collision method was confirmed through the verification of the detection collision between two KUKA manipulators in UG software.
Fatigue life estimation of riveted joints subjected to asymmetrical loading
Tian Benjian, Xiong Junjiang
2013, 39(12): 1649-1653.
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Based on the identity assumption of transfer loads of the rivets, novel simplified formulas were derived to predict transfer and bypass stresses of riveted joints subjected to complicated asymmetrical stresses, and the formula was then deduced to calculate stress severity factor (SSF) of rivet holes. Finally, new SSF formulas were applied to predict fatigue life of riveted joints subjected to a given asymmetrical stress spectrum and the calculated results were compared with those by using the detail fatigue rating (DFR) method, demonstrating the practical and effective use of the proposed simplified approach. It is shown that good correlation is achieved between the results predicted by resorting to novel simplified approach presented and in accordance with the DFR method, but the calculated result from simplified approach is more conservative than that of the DFR method.
Optimization of excitation and measurement location in experimental modal test
Xu Fei, Li Chuanri, Jiang Tongmin, Guo Ying
2013, 39(12): 1654-1659.
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Determining the best excitation point is one of the key problems in correlation analysis. To choose the best excitation point, finite element model and a new criterion based on Mode Participation which was named coefficient of variance of mode participation criterion (CVMPC) were studied and presented. PCB case studies were presented to validate the new criterion. In the case study, the best excitation point and second best point were selected by using both CVMPC and Mode Participation method, comparison was made to show better results presented by CVMPC. The system equivalent reduction expansion process (SEREP), modal assurance criteria (MAC) and coordinate modal assurance criteria (CoMAC) were used to show the error introduced by inappropriate selection of measurement points. PCB case studies were presented to show effects of measurement points selection on correlation analysis. The case studies suggest that better results yielded by more selective picking of measurement points.
Design and implementation of a compound load simulator
Yang Chunwei, Dai Jianhui, Bi Shusheng, Zong Guanghua
2013, 39(12): 1660-1664.
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With the devised load decoupling component, a compound load simulator used to compositely simulate loads like bending moment, axial force and torque was designed based on the principle of a kind of zero-torsion parallel mechanism. The core of its control system was a programmable multi-axis motion controller (PMAC). By load feedbacks from force or torque sensors, the system can realize the load simulation of torque, bending moment or axial force in the form of sine wave with the control method of triple close-loops including force, position and current. Meanwhile, it can effectively avoid the influences to the sensors-signal from system electromagnetic interference. Some field tests of compound load simulation were made to validate the correctness of the mechanical design and the control method.
Image quality assessment based on singular value decomposition in multiple feature domains
Cui Li, Hao Ming
2013, 39(12): 1665-1669,1675.
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To solve the insufficient generalization ability of the traditional image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms, an image quality predication (IQP) model based on the singular value decomposition in multiple feature domains was proposed. The visual features were extracted by comparing the difference of singular values and singular vectors between the corresponding local neighborhoods of reference and test images in the multiple feature domains (images and their gradient and phase congruency maps), and then fed into a support vector machine (SVM) to predict the perceptual quality of images. Subsequent experiments show that, proposed IQP model built on the SVM not only has a better performance than the traditional IQA algorithms on individual image databases, but also exhibits good generalization ability by having a good across-image-database performance. By replacing the SVM with an ensemble learner, the generalization ability of the proposed IQP model can be improved further.
Influence of the transmitting spectra of fiber coupler on the SNR of FOGs
Li Yan, Jiang Man, Sun Yanfeng
2013, 39(12): 1670-1675.
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The output spectra of fiber source, which transmitted through a single-mode (SM) fiber coupler, were measured by changing temperature. When the input wave of the fiber optical gyroscope (FOG) from the fiber coupler were transmitting wave and coupling wave, respectively, the temperature characteristics of signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) of FOG were simulated. The above experimental results demonstrate that the output power, mean-wavelength and spectral width of the spectra traveling through the arm of directly-transmission and that of the coupling of coupler will change when the temperature changes, and the temperature-stability of output power, mean-wavelength and spectral width of the directly-transmission arm is higher than that of the coupling arm. And the simulated results demonstrate that the errors of FOG's caused by the light wave outputting from the coupling arm of SM fiber coupler are almost 4 times of that from the directly-transmission arm.
Development of the landing dynamic and performance of an asteroid landing mechanism
Zhao Zhijun, Zhao Jingdong, Liu Hong
2013, 39(12): 1676-1681.
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The asteroid landing mechanism is used to landing on the asteroid. Its landing dynamic and landing performance studies have a grateful guidance to the design of itself. The mechanical characteristics and landing strategy of the small landing mechanism with three legs were analyzed, and then a Lagrange method was introduced to build its two-dimensional landing dynamic model. This model described the dynamic characteristics of the landing mechanism in the landing and turning stages. The analyzing results of this model were validated by simulation. Their results were close and had accordant changing trends. On the most permitted inclined landing slope with 30 degree, the landing performance of the landing mechanism with different landing velocities and yaw angels were simulated in Adams software and analyzed statistically. The results show that the landing mechanism has a reasonable landing performance.
Adaptive tracking algorithm based on maneuver detection for multi-stage ballistic target boost phase
Liang Xiaohu, Zhu Wuxuan, Guo Junhai, Zhao Hua
2013, 39(12): 1682-1686.
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The filtering error will jump largely in strong maneuvering periods for multi-stage ballistic target boost phase tracking using unscented Kalman filter(UKF) based on current statistic(CS) model. Theory and simulation analyses pointed out that the key reason was the filter parameters can-t be adjusted with the target maneuver strength. A new maneuver detection test statistic based on delay correlation of filtering residuals-mean was proposed, and its probability distribution was analyzed. Simulation results show that it efficiently improves the maneuver detection performance than traditional methods. Then an adaptive tracking algorithm adjusting the CS model maneuvering frequency in real time was established. The simulation results illustrate that the new algorithm can effectively restrain the error jump, speed up the filtering convergence and improve the tracking accuracy by more than 100 percent.

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