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摘要:
中国机场通常采用板宽不超过5 m的水泥混凝土道面板，国际上已有机场采用板宽6 m以上的水泥混凝土道面板。相比大尺寸水泥混凝土道面板，小尺寸道面板容易产生病害。为了研究道面板尺寸对道面性能的影响，基于弹性层状理论体系建立道面结构有限元模型，通过改变水泥混凝土道面板平面尺寸，研究了考虑温度梯度时飞机荷载作用下道面板内的应力变化。通过某机场实例分析了温度梯度和飞机荷载共同作用下道面板平面尺寸对道面使用寿命的影响，结果表明：道面板内应力受温度梯度影响较大，常见机型荷载作用下，夏季道面板内拉应力25%以上是由温度梯度荷载造成；不同尺寸道面板在相同荷载作用下，道面产生的损伤量不同，设计过程中加入道面板温度应力计算，选择合适的道面板尺寸，可以显著提高水泥混凝土道面的预期使用寿命。
Abstract:Chinese airports usually use cement concrete road slabs with a slab width of no more than 5 m, and existing airports in other countries use cement concrete slabs with a width more than 6 m. Small size cement concrete pavement slabs are more likely to suffer from disease than large size. In order to study the effect of pavement slab size on pavement performance, a finite element model of pavement structure was established based on the elastic layered theoretical system. By changing the size of the pavement slab, the stress changes of the pavement slab under the combined action of aircraft load and temperature gradient are studied. The internal stress change of the slab is used to analyze the influence of the plane size of the pavement slab on the service life of the pavement slab under the combined action of temperature gradient and aircraft load through an example of real airport. The results show that the internal stress of the pavement slab is greatly affected by the temperature gradient. Under the action of common aircraft load, more than 25% of the internal tensile stress of the pavement slab in summer is caused by the temperature gradient load; under the same load, the damage of different sizes of pavement slabs is different, and choosing the appropriate pavement size can significantly increase the expected service life of the cement concrete pavement.
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Key words:
- pavement slab size /
- temperature gradient /
- critical load /
- cumulative damage /
- fatigue life
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图 6 不同尺寸道面板单月最大损伤量
Figure 6. Maximum damage of different sizes of pavement slabs in single month
参数 水泥混凝土面层 水泥稳定碎石基层 土基 厚度/m 0.38 0.40 10 弹性模量/MPa 38 000 1 500 90 密度/(kg·m-3) 2 500 2 000 1 800 泊松比 0.15 0.25 0.35 
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表 2 飞机参数
Table 2. Aircraft parameters
参数 A320 B737-800 最大起飞重量/kN 770.00 790.04 主起落架荷载分配系数 0.95 0.95 主起落架个数 2 2 主起落架间距/m 7.60 5.72 主起落架构型 双轴双轮 单轴双轮 主起落架轮距/m 0.78/1.01 0.86 主起落架胎压/MPa 1.14 1.47 主起落架单轮荷载/kN 91.44 187.63 主起落架轮印面积/m2 0.080 0.128 主起落架轮印长度/m 0.392 0.494 0.871 2L/m 0.341 0.431 0.6L/m 0.235 0.296
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表 3 不同公路自然区划38 cm水泥混凝土面层温度梯度
Table 3. Temperature gradient of 38 cm cement concrete pavement with different natural zoning for highways
公路自然区划 Ⅱ、Ⅴ Ⅲ Ⅳ、Ⅵ Ⅶ 温度梯度/(℃·m-1) 52.3 56.7 54.2 58.0
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表 4 A320飞机荷载作用下不同尺寸道面板板边应力
Table 4. Edge stresses of different sizes of pavement slabs under load of A320 aircraft
板宽/m 温度梯度0℃/m 温度梯度52.3℃/m 温度梯度56.7℃/m 温度梯度54.2℃/m 温度梯度58.0℃/m 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 4.5 1.819 2.121 2.756 3.324 2.835 3.425 2.790 3.367 2.858 3.455 5 1.829 2.093 3.026 3.290 3.126 3.390 3.069 3.333 3.156 3.420 5.5 1.839 2.115 3.263 3.539 3.382 3.658 3.314 3.590 3.417 3.693 6 1.837 2.081 3.451 3.695 3.586 3.830 3.509 3.753 3.626 3.870 6.5 1.842 2.105 3.605 3.868 3.753 4.016 3.669 3.932 3.797 4.060 7 1.847 2.106 3.722 3.981 3.879 4.138 3.79 4.049 3.926 4.185 7.5 1.852 2.092 3.805 4.045 3.97 4.21 3.876 4.116 4.018 4.258 8 1.854 2.081 3.858 4.085 4.027 4.254 3.931 4.158 4.074 4.301
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表 5 B737-800飞机荷载作用下不同尺寸道面板板边应力
Table 5. Edge stresses of different sizes of pavement slabs under load of B737-800 aircraft
板宽/m 温度梯度0℃/m 温度梯度52.3℃/m 温度梯度56.7℃/m 温度梯度54.2℃/m 温度梯度58.0℃/m 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 4.5 2.388 3.462 3.325 4.665 3.404 4.766 3.359 4.708 3.427 4.796 5 2.404 3.432 3.601 4.629 3.701 4.729 3.644 4.672 3.731 4.759 5.5 2.436 3.507 3.860 4.931 3.979 5.050 3.911 4.982 4.014 5.085 6 2.428 3.464 4.042 5.078 4.177 5.213 4.10 5.136 4.217 5.253 6.5 2.431 3.448 4.194 5.211 4.342 5.359 4.258 5.275 4.386 5.403 7 2.434 3.441 4.309 5.316 4.466 5.473 4.377 5.384 4.513 5.520 7.5 2.437 3.457 4.390 5.410 4.555 5.575 4.461 5.481 4.603 5.623 8 2.436 3.441 4.440 5.445 4.609 5.614 4.513 5.518 4.656 5.661
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表 6 道面板板边最大拉应力
Table 6. Maximum tensile stress at the edge of pavement slab
板宽/m A320 B737-800 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 横向边应力/MPa 纵向边应力/MPa 4.5 2.581 3.106 3.150 4.447 5 2.807 3.071 3.382 4.410 5.5 3.008 3.284 3.605 4.676 6 3.169 3.413 3.760 4.796 6.5 3.304 3.567 3.893 4.910 7 3.408 3.667 3.995 5.002 7.5 3.483 3.723 4.068 5.088 8 3.531 3.758 4.113 5.118
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表 7 不同尺寸道面板最大损伤量和损伤位置
Table 7. Maximum damage and its occurrence position of different sizes of pavement slabs
板宽/m 最大损伤位置/m 损伤量 4.5 4.5 0.035 5 5.0 0.018 5.5 5.5 0.015 6 0.0 0.013 6.5 2.9 0.019 7 2.9 0.026 7.5 2.9 0.033 8 2.9 0.037
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