Heat dissipation characteristics of double-layer battery pack under coupling of air and fluid domains
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摘要:
多层垒叠电池包内空气域的存在使各层模组热流场耦合在一起,从而影响电池模组的散热性能。以方形双层电池包为研究对象,建立考虑电池模组与空气对流换热的液冷热模型。该模型中电池发热功率基于试验测定结果,前处理软件采用ANSA确保仿真精度,后处理软件采用CFX,对在不同放电倍率、冷却液进液方向和进液流量下双层电池结构中空气域对液冷热管理系统热行为的影响进行了研究,并与不考虑空气域同工况仿真结果对比。结果表明:空气域的存在不会对液冷双层电池包上下层模组温度分布产生影响;但可以降低上下层模组间的温差,其中上下层模组最高温升的差值最大可降低49.1%,改善了整包电池温度的一致性。
Abstract:The existence of the air domain in the multi-layer stacked battery pack makes the heat flow field of each layer module coupled together, thus affecting the heat dissipation performance of the battery module. A liquid-cooled heat transfer model for a square double-layer battery pack is established with considering the convection heat transfer between the battery module and the air. The thermal power of the battery in this model is based on the experimental results. ANSA is used as the pre-processing software to ensure the simulation accuracy, and CFX is used as the post-processing software. The effect of air domain in double-layer battery structure on the thermal behavior of liquid-cooled thermal management system is studied under different discharge rates, cooling fluid inlet directions and liquid flow rates. It is compared with the simulation result without the consideration of air domain under the same working condition. The comparison results show that the presence of the air domain does not affect the temperature distribution of upper and lower module of the liquid-cooled double-layer battery pack, but reduces the temperature difference of the upper and lower modules, and the difference of the maximum temperature rise in the upper and lower modules can be reduced by 49.1% to a largest extent, which improves the temperature consistency of the whole battery pack.
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表 1 55 Ah锂离子电池单体的热物性参数
Table 1. Thermal physical parameters of 55 Ah lithium-ion battery monomer
材料 密度/(kg·m-3) 导热系数/(W·(m·K)-1) 比热容/(J·(kg·K)-1) 电芯 2 123 30.6 913 正极极耳 2 719 202.4 871 负极极耳 8 978 387.6 381 隔膜 1 008 0.334 4 1 978 壳体 8 193 14.7 439.3 表 2 不同充放电倍率时55 Ah锂离子电池单体温度数据
Table 2. Temperature data of 55 Ah lithium-ion battery monomer at different charge and discharge rates
充放电倍率/C 起始温度/℃ 终止温度/℃ 总温升/℃ 充电 放电 充电 放电 充电 放电 0.5 20.39 20.19 31.40 32.01 11.01 11.82 0.6 20.33 20.21 34.03 35.23 13.70 15.02 0.8 20.20 20.25 35.54 36.75 15.34 16.50 1 19.92 20.05 35.43 37.39 15.51 17.34 1.2 20.11 20.11 37.25 39.92 17.14 19.81 1.5 20.22 20.37 43.16 44.49 22.94 24.12 2 20.27 20.29 45.39 47.99 25.12 27.70 3 19.85 20.24 50.83 54.98 30.98 34.74 5 20.21 20.16 51.41 63.43 31.20 43.27 表 3 不同充放电倍率时55 Ah锂离子电池单体发热功率
Table 3. Thermal power of 55 Ah lithium-ion battery monomer at different charge and discharge rates
充放电倍率/C 平均发热功率/W 充电 放电 充放电 0.5 2.06 2.55 2.31 0.6 2.95 3.89 3.42 0.8 4.31 5.69 5.00 1 5.42 7.60 6.51 1.2 6.62 10.25 8.44 1.5 10.06 15.60 12.83 2 14.44 23.89 19.17 3 22.26 44.93 33.60 5 23.74 93.28 58.51 表 4 不同放电倍率下冷却液上进下出双层电池包上下层最高温升数据
Table 4. Maximum temperature rise data of upper and lower layers of double-layer battery pack with coolant inlet up and outlet down under different discharge rates
放电倍率/C 带空气域 不带空气域 上下层模组最高温升差降低率/% 上层模组最高温升/℃ 下层模组最高温升/℃ 上层模组最高温升/℃ 下层模组最高温升/℃ 1 7.397 7.723 7.117 7.758 49.1 1.5 14.865 15.831 14.655 15.916 23.4 2 22.764 24.244 22.553 24.415 20.5 表 5 不同放电倍率下冷却液下进上出双层电池包上下层最高温升数据
Table 5. Maximum temperature rise data of upper and lower layers of double-layer battery pack with coolant inlet down and outlet up under different discharge rates
放电倍率/C 带空气域 不带空气域 上下层模组最高温升差降低率/% 上层模组最高温升/℃ 下层模组最高温升/℃ 上层模组最高温升/℃ 下层模组最高温升/℃ 1 7.859 7.293 7.755 7.101 13.5 1.5 16.018 14.704 15.914 14.514 6.1 2 24.447 22.409 24.352 22.208 4.9 表 6 不同进液流量下双层电池包上下层最高温升数据
Table 6. Maximum temperature rise data of upper and lower layers of double-layer battery pack under different inlet flow rates
进液流量/(L·h-1) 带空气域 不带空气域 上下层模组最高温升差降低率/% 上层模组最高温升/℃ 下层模组最高温升/℃ 上层模组最高温升/℃ 下层模组最高温升/℃ 300 16.098 17.659 15.893 17.786 17.5 500 14.865 15.831 14.655 15.916 23.4 700 14.382 15.034 14.172 15.106 30.2 -
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