Evaluation method for roughness of airport runway based on joint time-frequency analysis
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摘要:
机场跑道平整度是道面评价的重要内容，目前常用的平整度评价方法无法确定不平整在跑道上的分布情况，也无法针对不同机型飞机的滑跑安全性进行分类评价。基于此，提出了一种基于时频分析的跑道平整度评价方法。基于飞机三自由度动力模型，采用参数化分析方法对飞机以不同速度在具有不同振幅、不同波长的不平整跑道上滑跑时飞机重心处竖向加速度均方根分布特征进行统计分析；反算飞机重心处竖向加速度均方根为0.25
g 和0.4g 时对应的跑道不平整信号的振幅、波长与滑跑速度，建立基于跑道不平整信号频域信息与飞机滑跑速度的飞机滑跑安全振动判断曲面；采用S变换方法对机场跑道高程进行时频分析，得到跑道不同位置处不平整信号的波长与振幅分布曲面；分析飞机在跑道上不同位置的滑跑速度，以坐标位置代替滑跑速度，形成基于跑道不平整信号频域信息与跑道位置的飞机滑跑安全振动判断曲面；与S变换获得的曲面叠加，得到基于时频分析的跑道平整度评价曲面。与现有评价方法相比，所提方法可以对跑道具体位置的平整度情况进行评价，并能够根据不同的机型对跑道平整度分级评价。Abstract:Airport runway roughness is an important content of airport pavement evaluation. At present, the commonly used roughness evaluation methods can’t determine the distribution of unevenness on the runway, and can’t classify and evaluate the taxiing safety of different types of aircraft. In this paper, a runway roughness evaluation method based on joint time-frequency analysis is proposed. The parametric analysis method is used to statistically analyze the root-mean-square distribution characteristics of vertical acceleration at the aircraft’s center of gravity when the aircraft runs at different speeds on uneven runways with different amplitudes and wavelengths. This analysis is based on the three-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the aircraft. The amplitude, wavelength of the uneven signal of the runway, and taxiing speed corresponding to the vertical acceleration root-mean-square of the center of gravity of the aircraft as 0.25
g and 0.4g is calculated back, and the judgment surface of the aircraft taxiing safety vibration based on the frequency domain information of the uneven signal of therunway is established. In order to determine the wavelength and amplitude distribution surfaces of unequal signals at various points along the runway, a joint time-frequency analysis is conducted using the S transform method on the elevation of the airport runway.This paper analyzes the taxiing speed of the aircraft at different positions on the runway, and replaces the taxiing speed with the coordinate position, forming a taxiing safety vibration surface based on the frequency domain information of the uneven signal and the position of the runway. The runway roughness evaluation surface based on joint time-frequency analysis is obtained by superimposing with the surface obtained by the S transform. In contrast to other evaluation techniques, it is capable of assessing the degree of roughness at a given runway location and rating the roughness of the runway based on the kind of aircraft. -
图 2 同一波长下飞机重心处竖向加速度均方根随振幅的变化曲线
Figure 2. Variation curves of root mean square of vertical acceleration at center of gravity of aircraft with amplitude at the same wavelength
图 3 同一振幅下飞机重心处竖向加速度均方根随波长的变化曲线
Figure 3. Variation curves of root mean square of vertical acceleration at center of gravity of aircraft with wavelength at the same amplitude
图 4 基于频域特征的飞机滑跑安全振动判断曲线
Figure 4. Aircraft taxiing safety vibration judgment curves based on frequency domain features
图 7 不同跑道位置波长与振幅分布曲面
Figure 7. Wavelength and amplitude distribution surfaces at different plane positions
图 8 基于时频分析的跑道平整度评价曲面
Figure 8. Evaluation surfaces of runway flatness based on time-frequency analysis
表 1 Ｃ类主流客机参数取值
Table 1. Parameter values of class C mainstream passenger aircraft
参数 数值 Mp/kg 59033 mf/kg 390 ml/kg 888 mr/kg 888 Kf/(kN·m−1) 110 Kl/(kN·m−1) 614 Kr/(kN·m−1) 614 Cf/(kN·(m·s−1)−1) 143 Cl/(kN·(m·s−1)−1) 625 Cr/(kN·(m·s−1)−1) 625 kf/(MN·m−1) 4 kl/(MN·m−1) 4 kr/(MN·m−1) 4 cf/(kN·(m·s−1)−1) 4 cl/(kN·(m·s−1)−1) 4 cr/(kN·(m·s−1)−1) 4 
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