柱塞泵配流盘卸荷槽开度对瞬态流场特征影响

刘珊珊; 雷欣瑞; 宋字宇; 杨凯; 黄家海

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0713

柱塞泵配流盘卸荷槽开度对瞬态流场特征影响

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2022.0713

1.
太原理工大学机械与运载工程学院，太原 030024
2.
太重集团榆次液压工业有限公司，晋中 030600

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2011903)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：huangjiahai@tyut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TH137.5
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-13
- 录用日期: 2022-11-09
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-24
- 整期出版日期: 2024-09-27

Influence of unloading groove opening of port plate of plunger pumps on transient flow field characteristics

1.
College of Mechanical and Carrier Engineering，Taiyuan University of Technology，Taiyuan 030024，China
2.
Taiyuan Heavy Machinery Group Yuci Hydraulic Industry Co.， Ltd.，Jinzhong 030600，China

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB2011903)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：huangjiahai@tyut.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
空化是影响轴向柱塞泵性能的关键因素，柱塞缸体表面损坏是一种常见的失效形式，但目前成因尚不清晰。建立柱塞泵三维流场仿真模型，设计可观察单个柱塞腔与卸荷槽导通状态下流场特征的实验装置，并采用流体仿真和流场可视化测量的方法揭示了其成因。研究结果表明：射流角随卸荷槽开度的增大而增大，并伴随漩涡的产生与消失，射流中心速度大于20 m/s时漩涡产生；柱塞腔与卸荷槽由导通至完全截止的转变过程中，射流角由0°逐渐增大至60°，当射流角由0°向20°变化时，射流方向主要集中于柱塞缸体与配流盘腰型槽接触的表面处，导致柱塞缸体表面和配流盘吸油腰型槽上部产生射流破坏和气蚀破坏；当射流角由20°向60°变化时，射流方向将向配流盘腰型槽内部扩展，导致配流盘破坏区域由上部移向内部。上述研究结果有助于厘清柱塞缸体摩擦表面气蚀成因，为配流盘结构优化设计提供了约束条件，对提升柱塞泵的综合性能也有重要意义。
- 轴向柱塞泵 /
- 空化 /
- 配流盘 /
- 缸体 /
- 卸荷槽 /
- 气蚀
Abstract:
Cavitation in axial plunger pumps is a main factor affecting its comprehensive performance. The damage in the surface of plunger cylinder is a common failure mode, but the cause is not clear. In view of this damage reason, a three-dimensional CFD model of the pump was established, and a visualization device was designed to observe the flow field characteristics of single plunger cavity and unloading groove on state, so the cause relationship was revealed by simulation and visual measurement of the flow field. The results show that the jet angle increases with the increase in unloading groove opening, accompanied by the generation and disappearance of the vortex, the vortex is generated when the central velocity of the jet is greater than 20 m/s. The simulation results further show that during the transition of the plunger and unloading groove from on state to complete cut-off, the jet angle increases from 0° to 60° gradually. When the jet angle changes from 0° to 20°, the jet direction mainly concentrates on the contact surface between the plunger type cylinder and the waistband groove of the port plate, which leads to jet damage and cavitation damage on the friction surface of the plunger type cylinder and the upper part of the oil absorption waistband groove of the port plate. When the jet angle changes from 20° to 60°, the jet angle expands to the inside of the waistband groove of the port plate, which causes the damaged area of the port plate to move from the upper part to the inside. The formation and disappearance of the vortex are related to the central velocity of the jet. The above research results are helpful in clarifying the causes of cavitation damage on the friction surface of plunger type cylinders, and they provide constraints for the optimization design of port plate structure and have important significance for improving the comprehensive performance of plunger pumps.
- axial plunger pump /
- cavitation /
- valve plate /
- cylinder block /
- unloading trough /
- cavitation damage

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图 1 斜盘式轴向柱塞泵示意

Figure 1. Swash plate axial plunger pump

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图 2 配流盘结构示意

Figure 2. Port plate structure

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图 3 计算域网格

Figure 3. Computational domain grid

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图 4 可视化观测的实验装置

Figure 4. Experimental device for visual observation

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图 5 卸荷槽的压力脉动

Figure 5. Pressure pulsation of unloading groove

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图 6 总压周期

Figure 6. Total pressure period

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图 7 静压周期

Figure 7. Static pressure period

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图 8 气体体积分数周期

Figure 8. Gas volume fraction period

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图 9 漩涡周期

Figure 9. Vortex period

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图 10 可视化过程

Figure 10. Visualization process

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图 11 切面射流角速度云图

Figure 11. Angular velocity nephogram of jet in section

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图 12 不同开度下的可视化

Figure 12. Visualization under different openings

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图 13 侵蚀区域实物照片

Figure 13. Photos of cavitation damage area

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图 14 侵蚀区域

Figure 14. Cavitation damage area

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表 1 网格敏感性

Table 1. Grid sensitivity

组别	关键边界角度	曲率分辨率	最大单元格	边界单元格尺寸	网格数目	$ \Delta $Q/%
1	30	35	0.03	0.015	188105	7.13
2	30	35	0.025	0.0125	214750	4.76
3	30	35	0.02	0.01	225204	2.26
4	25	30	0.02	0.01	232352	1.42
5	15	20	0.02	0.01	367691	1.12
6	15	20	0.02	0.005	518554	0.97
7	15	20	0.01	0.005	897371	0.98

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表 2 柱塞泵内流态情况

Table 2. Flow pattern in plunger pump

位置	雷诺数	流态
柱塞泵吸油口	$ {{Re}} = \dfrac{{v{d_{{\mathrm{in}}}}}}{\upsilon } = \dfrac{{1.415 \times {{10}^{ - 3}} \times 75}}{{46 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}}} \approx 2\;307 < 2\;320 $	层流
柱塞泵排油口	$ {{Re}} = \dfrac{{v{d_{{\mathrm{out}}}}}}{\upsilon } = \dfrac{{{\text{3}}{\text{.4}} \times {{10}^{ - 3}} \times {\text{40}}}}{{46 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}}} \approx { {2\;957 > }}2\;320 $	湍流
三角槽处	$ {{Re}} = \dfrac{{4v{{{R}}_{{{\mathrm{H}}}}}}}{\upsilon } = \dfrac{{{\text{4}} \times 186 \times {{10}^{ - 3}} \times 0.481}}{{46 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}}} \approx 7\;780{ { > }}2\;320 $	湍流
柱塞腔内	$ {{Re}} = \dfrac{{v{d_{{\mathrm{pis}}}}}}{\upsilon } = \dfrac{{{\text{10}} \times {{10}^{ - 3}} \times {\text{31}}}}{{46 \times {{10}^{ - 6}}}} \approx { {6\;739 > }}2\;320 $	湍流

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表 3 仿真参数的设置

Table 3. Settings of simulation parameters

斜盘倾角/(°)	工作压力/MPa	油膜泄漏压力/MPa	球面副曲率半径/mm	液压油密度/(kg·m⁻³)	空气分离压/ MPa	饱和蒸汽压/ MPa	动力黏度/(Pa·s)	额定转速/ (r·min⁻¹)	体积弹性模量/MPa	入口压力/MPa	饱和压力/MPa	空化蒸汽系数	冷凝系数	工作温度/K
15	35	2	396±0.3	865	0.004	0.0035	0.03979	1500	1.5×10³	0.1	0.04	0.02	0.01	313

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