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摘要:
空间飞网系统捕获带有自旋的空间碎片后，碎片会对捕获网与卫星间的连接绳施加扭矩，而目前绳索相关动力学模型无法完整描述其扭转行为。基于集中质量法，对绳索进行二次离散，建立了可以描述绳索扭转行为的动力学模型。通过与传统绳索动力学模型的对比及扭转实验，验证了该模型能够描述绳索在拉伸、弯曲及扭转载荷下的行为，发现绳索的扭转会产生额外的牵引力。针对飞网展开过程进行了仿真分析与实验，验证该动力学模型适用于飞网系统，并对飞网与空间碎片的组合体进行了仿真分析，发现因为绳索扭转产生的牵引力，会对主体卫星的稳定性产生一定的影响，忽略绳索的扭转行为会降低动力学仿真模型的准确性。
Abstract:Once the space tether-net captures the spinning space debris, a torque will be exerted on the connecting tether between the capture net and the satellite. However, the current tether-related dynamic model can't fully describe its twisting behavior. In order to address this issue, a quadratic discrete model is constructed using the lumped parameter method to accurately depict the twisting behaviors of the tether. Comparison with the traditional dynamic model and a torsional experiment for the tether verify that the quadratic discrete model can describe the responses of the tether subjected to tension, bending or torsion. It is found that the torsion of the tether will produce additional traction. Furthermore, the deployment procedure of the tether-net is subjected to simulation analysis and experimentation, which confirms the suitability of the dynamic model for the tether-net system. The simulated examination of the tether-net and space debris combo reveals that the torsional force generated by the rope's twisting will affect the stability of the primary satellite to some extent. Ignoring the twisting behavior of the tether will reduce the accuracy of the dynamic simulation model.
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Key words:
- tether dynamics /
- tether-net /
- space debris /
- lumped parameter method /
- multi-body dynamics
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图 5 ${\varphi _{i,{\mathrm{s}}}}$、${\varphi _{i,{\mathrm{l}}}}$及切线示意（蓝色为相交切线）
Figure 5. Schematic about ${\varphi _{i,{\mathrm{s}}}}$,${\varphi _{i,{\mathrm{l}}}}$ and tangents (intersecting tangent lines in blue)
图 8 两种绳索模型对扭转运动的反馈（图（a）～图(d)为二次离散模型，图(e)～图(h)为有限段模型）
Figure 8. Feedback on torsional motion from two rope models (Fig. (a)～Fig. (d) for quadratic discrete model, Fig. (e)～Fig. (h) for model with line segments)
图 10 节点1与节点10的间距随时间变化情况
Figure 10. Distance between node 1 and node 10 varies with time
图 12 两种绳索模型受拉伸和弯曲载荷时的反馈
Figure 12. Feedback for tensile and bending loads for two rope models
图 14 飞网展开过程仿真与实验对比((a)～(c)为仿真，(d)～(f)为实验)
Figure 14. Comparison between simulation and experiment of tether-net deployment process ((a)～(c) for simulation, (d)～(f) for experiment)
图 15 仿真与实验的${D_{\mathrm{v}}}$变化
Figure 15. Variation of ${D_{\mathrm{v}}}$ from simulation and experiment
表 1 飞网展开过程仿真参数
Table 1. Simulation parameters of tether-net deployment process
飞网网
体大小/m发射
角度/(°)发射
速度/(m·s−1)牵引块
质量/kg牵引块
数量3×3 30 50 0.3 8 
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表 2 组合体仿真参数
Table 2. Simulation parameters of combination
绳索
材料绳索
直径/cm拖曳物
重量/kg连接绳
长度/cm碎片
转速/$({\mathrm{r}} \cdot {{\mathrm{s}}^{ - 1}})$尼龙 0.5 2 90 2
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