改进5G-R自适应高速铁路越区切换算法

陈永; 康婕; 陶瑄

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0148

改进5G-R自适应高速铁路越区切换算法

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0148

兰州交通大学电子与信息工程学院，兰州 730070

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(62462043,61963023)；兰州交通大学重点研发项目(ZDYF2304)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：edukeylab@126.com

中图分类号: TP301.6；TP391.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-28
- 录用日期: 2023-05-19
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-28
- 整期出版日期: 2025-03-27

An improved 5G-R adaptive high-speed railway handover algorithm

School of Electronic and Information Engineering，Lanzhou Jiaotong University，Lanzhou 730070，China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (62462043,61963023); Key Research and Development Project of Lanzhou Jiaotong University (ZDYF2304)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：edukeylab@126.com

摘要

摘要:
在高速行车条件下，越区切换作为未来高速铁路5G-R通信的关键技术，对于保障行车安全至关重要。下一代高速铁路5G-R无线通信系统越区切换算法采用固定切换参数，但当列车高速运行时，极易受到多普勒效应影响，导致切换成功率低，基于此，提出了一种考虑多普勒频移影响的改进5G-R自适应高速铁路越区切换算法。分析多普勒频移对切换成功率的影响，得到多普勒频移与切换成功率的关系函数；提出考虑多普勒频移影响的越区切换动态函数，设计余弦、余切、余割3种函数对切换迟滞门限及触发时延自适应调整；在不同多普勒频移及不同高铁场景下进行切换成功率的量化比较分析。研究结果表明：所提算法可有效调高切换成功率，在高架桥和山区场景下，余弦、余切、余割3种函数的切换成功率均优于对比算法，且满足中国无线通信系统切换成功率服务质量(QoS)大于99.5%的要求。研究结果为下一代高速铁路5G-R无线通信系统演进提供了理论参考依据。
- 越区切换算法 /
- 5G-R /
- 多普勒频移 /
- 动态函数 /
- 自适应切换
Abstract:
Under high-speed driving conditions, over-area handover, as a key technology for future 5G-R communication of high-speed railways, is crucial for ensuring driving safety. The next-generation 5G-R wireless communication system of high-speed railways adopts fixed handover parameters, but when the train is running at high speed, it is highly susceptible to the Doppler effect, resulting in low handover success. To address this issue, an improved 5G-R adaptive high-speed railway handover algorithm that took into account the influence of the Doppler shift was proposed. First, the influence of the Doppler shift on the handover success rate was analyzed, and the relationship function between Doppler shift and handover success rate was obtained. Then, the dynamic function of handover over the area considering the influence of Doppler shift was proposed, and three functions, namely cosine, cotangent, and cosecant, were designed to adjust the handover hysteresis threshold and time-to-trigger adaptively. Finally, a quantitative comparison analysis of the handover success rate was carried out for different Doppler shift sizes and different high-speed railway scenarios. The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the handover success rate over the area, and the handover success rate of the cosine, cosecant, and cosecant functions in the viaduct and mountain areas is better than the comparison algorithm and meets the requirement of quality of service (QoS) higher than 99.5% for the handover success rate of China’s wireless communication system. The research results provide a certain theoretical reference for the evolution of the 5G-R system for next-generation high-speed railways.
- handover algorithm /
- 5G-R /
- Doppler shift /
- dynamic function /
- adaptive handover

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图 1 多普勒频移参数示意图

Figure 1. Schematic of Doppler shift parameters

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图 2 动态函数曲线

Figure 2. Dynamic function curves

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图 3 不同切换算法的迟滞门限

Figure 3. Hysteresis threshold of different handover algorithms

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图 4 不同切换算法的触发时延

Figure 4. Time-to-trigger of different handover algorithms

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图 5 不同多普勒频移下切换成功率的比较

Figure 5. Comparison of handover success rates under different Doppler shifts

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图 6 多普勒频移估计误差扰动对本文算法的影响

Figure 6. Influence of Doppler shift estimation error disturbance on the proposed algorithm

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表 1 迟滞门限参数设置

Table 1. Hysteresis threshold parameter setting

函数名称	函数表达式	函数参数
函数名称	函数表达式	j	k	z
余弦函数	${H_{\mathrm{s}}} = j\cos \left({f_{\text{d}}}k + \dfrac{{\text{π}}}{8}\right) + {\textit{z}}$	${4 /{\cos ({{\text{π}}}/{8})}}$	${{\cos ({{\text{π}}}/{8})}/ {400}}$	$1$
余切函数	${H_{\mathrm{s}}} = j\cot \left({f_{\text{d}}}k + \dfrac{{\text{π}}}{8}\right) + {\textit{z}}$	${4 / {\cot ({{\text{π}}}/{8}})}$	${{\cot ({{\text{π}}}/{8})} /{400}}$	$1$
余割函数	${H_{\mathrm{s}}} = j\left(\csc \left({f_{\text{d}}}k + \dfrac{{\text{π}}}{8}\right) - 1\right) + {\textit{z}}$	${4 \big/ {\left( {\csc ({{\text{π}}}/{8}) - 1} \right)}}$	${{\csc ({{\text{π}}}/{8})}/{400}}$	$1$

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表 2 触发时延参数设置

Table 2. Time-to-trigger parameter setting

函数名称	函数表达式	函数参数
函数名称	函数表达式	j	k	z
余弦函数	${T_{\text{s}}} = j\cos \left({f_{\mathrm{d}}} k + \dfrac{{\text{π}}}{8}\right) + {\textit{z}}$	${{380} / {\cos ({{\text{π}}}/{8}})}$	${{\cos ({{\text{π}}}/{8})} / {400}}$	$100$
余切函数	${T_{\mathrm{s}}} = j\cot \left({f_{\mathrm{d}}} k + \dfrac{{\text{π}}}{8}\right) + {\textit{z}}$	${{380} / {\cot ({{\text{π}}}/{8}})}$	${{\cot ({{\text{π}}}/{8})} / {400}}$	$100$
余割函数	$T_{\mathrm{s}}=j\left(\csc \left(f_{\mathrm{d}} k+\dfrac{{\text{π}}}{8}\right)-1\right)+{\textit{z}}$	$380 /(\csc ({\text{π}} / 8)-1)$	${{\csc ({{\text{π}}}/{8})} /{400}}$	$100$

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表 3 仿真参数设置^[7-8,16]

Table 3. Simulation parameter setting^[7-8,16]

参数	数值
载波频率 ${f_{\text{c}}}$ /MHz	2600
基站发射功率 $P_{\mathrm{t}}$ /dBm	86
相邻基站间的距离 ${d_{ab}}$ /m	3000
基站天线高度 ${h_{\text{b}}}$ /m	30
列车天线高度 ${h_{\text{m}}}$ /m	3.5
阴影衰落标准差 $\sigma$ /dB	8
切换执行时间 ${t_{{\text{exe}}}}$ /ms	100
信号强度阈值 $T$ /dBm	−58

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表 4 不同场景下切换成功率的比较

Table 4. Comparison of handover success rates in different scenarios

场景	阴影衰落标准差/dB	列车距源基站距离/km	切换成功率/%
场景	阴影衰落标准差/dB	列车距源基站距离/km	传统A3切换算法	文献[8]算法	文献[17]算法	本文余弦函数	本文余切函数	本文余割函数
高架桥	4.1	2.4	99.56	99.71	99.78	99.79	99.83	99.84
山区	3.3	2.34	99.43	99.69	99.71	99.72	99.73	99.74

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表 5 多普勒频移估计误差切换成功率比较

Table 5. Comparison of handover success rates of Doppler shift estimation errors

多普勒频移/Hz	未加入误差前切换成功率/%			加入误差扰动后切换成功率/%
多普勒频移/Hz	本文余切函数	本文余割函数	本文余弦函数	本文余切函数	本文余割函数	本文余弦函数
200	99.6475	99.6698	99.5652	99.6456	99.6601	99.5649
400	99.6827	99.7063	99.6054	99.6819	99.7044	99.6046
600	99.6925	99.7088	99.6326	99.6917	99.7084	99.6317
800	99.6907	99.7008	99.6474	99.6902	99.7005	99.6447
1000	99.6840	99.6889	99.6481	99.6833	99.6807	99.6464

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