导星辅助运动暗弱天体检测系统设计与仿真

张威; 冯文全; 孙国童; 王春雷

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0503

导星辅助运动暗弱天体检测系统设计与仿真

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0503

张威^{1, 2},
冯文全^1, ,,
孙国童²,
王春雷¹

1.
北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院，北京 100191
2.
北京空间飞行器总体设计部，北京 100094

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：buaafwq@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TP317.4；P171
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-02
- 录用日期: 2024-01-26
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-08
- 整期出版日期: 2025-09-30

Design and simulation of guide star assisted moving faint object detection system

1.
Electronic Information Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China
2.
Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering，Beijing 100094，China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：buaafwq@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
暗弱空间运动小目标检测在航天及军事领域有着广泛的应用，为提高空间目标监视系统的探测能力，提出并设计了导星辅助运动暗弱天体检测系统，该系统由星图模拟、图像去噪、质心解算、运动先验信息反向传播和主焦面成像组成。对星表及星空环境进行研究，确保星点坐标和噪声模拟的准确性；通过引入抖动误差、噪声误差和运动先验误差，更真实地模拟望远镜所处星空环境造成的误差影响，同时设计导星辅助的方法消除上述误差，并通过运动先验信息反向传播模块调整系统。实验证明：所设计的系统不仅可以模拟真实星图，而且可以减弱星空环境对望远镜的误差影响。
- 暗弱目标 /
- 空间目标检测 /
- 美国海军天文台导航星表 /
- 误差分析 /
- 系统仿真
Abstract:
The detection of faint moving objects in space is widely used in aerospace and military fields. In order to improve the detection capability of the space object monitoring system, a guide star assisted detection system for moving faint objects is proposed and designed. The system consists of star map simulation, image denoising, centroid calculation, motion backpropagation and main focal plane imaging. Firstly, the star catalog and the starry sky environment are studied to ensure the accuracy of the star point position and noise simulation. Secondly, to realistically simulate the starry sky environment where the telescope is located, jitter errors, noise errors, and motion prior errors are introduced. At the same time, a guide star assisted method is designed to eliminate the above errors, and the system is adjusted through the motion back-transmission module. Experiments prove that the designed system can not only simulate the real star map, but also slow down the error influence of the star environment on the telescope.
- faint object /
- space object detection /
- USNO CCD astrograph catalog /
- error analysis /
- system simulation

HTML全文

图 1 导星辅助的暗弱天体检测系统整体流程

Figure 1. Overall flow of guide star-assisted faint object detection system

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图 2 UCAC4星密度分布^[2]

Figure 2. UCAC4 star density distribution^[2]

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图 3 UCAC4坐标变换示意图

Figure 3. UCAC4 coordinate transformation diagram

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图 4 星图背景和目标灰度分布直方图

Figure 4. Star image background and target grayscale distribution histogram

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图 5 星图仿真去噪结果

Figure 5. Star map simulation denoising results

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图 6 实拍星图去噪结果

Figure 6. Real star map denoising results

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图 7 亚像素质心解算

Figure 7. Sub-pixel quality centroid solution

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图 8 2帧间导星运动示意图

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of guide star movement between two frames

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图 9 目标天体主焦面成像区域积分

Figure 9. Integral of the imaging area of the main focal plane of the target celestial body

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图 10 目标天体主焦面运动先验修正

Figure 10. A priori correction for the movement of the main focal plane of the target celestial body

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表 1 残差背景噪声统计

Table 1. Residual background noise statistics

图像	均值/像素	标准差/像素
原始图像	63.25	18.73
背景消除图像	0.56	0.77

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表 2 单导星多帧消融实验结果

Table 2. Results of ablation experiment for single guide star with multiple frames

导星帧数/帧	运动先验误差/(像素·帧⁻¹)	抖动误差/(像素·帧⁻¹)
2	1.37	0.631
3	1.37	0.562
4	1.37	0.560

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表 3 多导星2帧消融实验结果

Table 3. Results of ablation experiment for multiple guide stars with two frames

导星数/个	运动先验误差/(像素·帧⁻¹)	抖动误差/(像素·帧⁻¹)
1	1.37	0.631
2	1.37/0.751	0.491
3	1.37/0.751/−0.107	0.412

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表 4 条状目标端点定位结果

Table 4. Positioning results of strip target endpoints

目标	坐标	精确坐标	检测坐标	修正坐标	原始定位误差/像素	修正定位误差/像素	定位误差降低量/像素
目标1	x坐标	116.03	110.21	119.25	5.82	3.22	2.60
目标1	y坐标	89.29	83.51	90.13	5.78	0.84	4.94
目标2	x坐标	330.57	340.68	338.51	10.11	7.94	2.17
目标2	y坐标	230.41	240.72	237.16	10.31	6.75	3.56
目标3	x坐标	793.15	810.35	802.57	17.20	9.42	7.78
目标3	y坐标	701.36	715.69	703.86	14.33	2.50	11.83

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