弹射座椅-假人系统建模及出舱稳定性分析

杨海峰; 李志刚; 谭跃东; 肖鹏辉; 孔伟

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0654

弹射座椅-假人系统建模及出舱稳定性分析

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0654

1.
北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院，北京 100044
2.
北京科技大学机械工程学院，北京 100083
3.
航空防护救生技术航空科技重点实验室，襄阳 441000

基金项目:

航空科学基金(20200029010002)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：zhigangli@ustb.edu.cn

中图分类号: V244.212
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-12
- 录用日期: 2024-02-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-19
- 整期出版日期: 2025-12-31

Model and seat tip-off stability analysis of ejection seat-dummy system

1.
School of Mechanical，Electronic and Control Engineering，Beijing Jiaotong University，Beijing 100044，China
2.
School of Mechanical Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China
3.
Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Life-Support Technology，Xiangyang 441000，China

Funds:

Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (20200029010002)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：zhigangli@ustb.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为了研究弹射座椅的出舱稳定性，以某弹射座椅为对象，建立包括椅盆组件、伞箱组件及弹射装置的弹射座椅的细致有限元模型，并通过耦合假人模型建立人椅系统模型；开展人椅系统的弹射出舱试验，得到弹射姿态、座椅加速度、座椅角速度及俯仰角等试验结果，基于这些数据对人椅系统仿真模型进行试验验证，结果表明，模型具有较高的精度；进一步从座椅关键组件的厚度、滑块的布置形式及限腿带力3个方面进行人椅系统出舱稳定性的影响因素分析，结果表明，滑轨滑动槽的厚度、滑轨本体厚度、座椅侧板厚度、滑块布置形式、限腿带力作用时间对出舱稳定性影响较明显，而弹射内筒的厚度和限腿带力的大小对出舱稳定性影响较小。研究结果为高稳定性弹射座椅的设计提供了依据。
- 弹射座椅 /
- 人椅系统 /
- 出舱稳定性 /
- 角速度 /
- 俯仰角
Abstract:
To study the tip-off stability of ejection seat, a finite element model was constructed based on an ejection seat, which includes the components of the seat basin, umbrella box, and ejection device, and then the seat-dummy system model was obtained by combining the seat model with a dummy model. The ejection experiment was carried out and the movement process, acceleration, angular velocity, and pitch angle were collected. The established ejection seat-dummy model has a rather high accuracy, as demonstrated by the simulation results of the seat-dummy model that were verified using these data. Sensitive analysis on the seat tip-off stability was carried out using the validated seat-dummy model. Three aspects were explored, including the thickness of the seat components, the configuration of the slider, and the force of the leg-limiting belt. The results show that seat tip-off stability is sensitive to the thicknesses of the rail groove, rail itself, and seat side plate, and the configuration of the slider, as well as the starting time of the leg-limiting force. Nonetheless, there is very little impact on the seat tip-off stability from the force of the limited leg belt and the thickness of the ejection inner cylinder.
- ejection seat /
- seat-dummy system /
- seat tip-off stability /
- angular velocity /
- pitch angle

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图 1 弹射座椅各部分组成

Figure 1. The components of ejection seat

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图 2 弹射座椅的有限元网格模型

Figure 2. The finite element model of an ejection seat

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图 3 铝合金塑性段曲线

Figure 3. The plastic curve of aluminum alloy

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图 4 不同泡沫应力-应变曲线

Figure 4. Stress-strain curves of different foams

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图 5 弹射座椅-假人仿真模型

Figure 5. Ejection seat-dummy simulation model

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图 6 弹射试验台及人椅系统

Figure 6. Ejection test bench and seat-dummy system

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图 7 弹射筒内的推力曲线和限腿带力曲线

Figure 7. The propulsive force curve of ejection guns and the force curve of leg-limiting belt

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图 8 弹射出舱运动过程对比

Figure 8. Comparison of ejection motion process

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图 9 仿真与试验的对比结果

Figure 9. Comparison of simulation and experiment

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图 10 部件厚度对弹射座椅最大角速度和最大俯仰角的影响

Figure 10. Influence of component thickness on maximum angular velocity and maximum pitch angle of ejection seat

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图 11 滑块布置形式的设计

Figure 11. The arrangements of the slider

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图 12 3种滑块布置形式下的最大角速度和最大俯仰角对比

Figure 12. Comparison of maximum angular velocity and maximum pitch angle in three slider arrangements

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图 13 限腿带力大小和限腿带力作用时间对最大角速度和最大俯仰角的影响

Figure 13. The influence of leg-limiting belt force and time on maximum angular velocity and maximum pitch angle

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表 1 铝合金材料参数

Table 1. The material parameters of aluminum alloy

参数	数值
密度/（g·cm⁻³）	2.8
弹性模量/GPa	70
泊松比	0.3
屈服强度/MPa	474
抗拉强度/MPa	530

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表 2 各个因素的取值及水平

Table 2. The value and level of each factor

水平	滑轨滑动槽厚度/mm	滑轨本体厚度/mm	弹射内筒厚度/mm	座椅侧板厚度/mm	滑块布置形式	限腿带力大小/kN	限腿带力作用时间/ms
1	3	3	2	3	形式1	3	140
2	5	5	4	5	形式2	4	160
3	7	7	6	7	形式3	5	180

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