21天禁食下成人记忆与注意功能变化的脑电特征

殷瑛; 董乐; 周前祥; 柳忠起

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0681

21天禁食下成人记忆与注意功能变化的脑电特征

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0681

北京航空航天大学生物与医学工程学院，北京 100191

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：zqxg@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: R318
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-24
- 录用日期: 2023-11-10
- 网络出版日期: 2023-12-11
- 整期出版日期: 2025-12-31

EEG characteristics of changes in adult memory and attention function under 21 days fasting

School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering，Beihang University，Beijing 100191，China

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Corresponding author: E-mail：zqxg@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
航天救援任务中，被救援人员可能出现食物短缺的现象，因此，研究健康成年人在21天完全禁食状态下执行短时记忆和注意任务时行为绩效和脑电(EEG)信号变化的规律，对确定救援任务十分重要。招募了13名志愿者，全过程参与某实验舱内分为4个实验阶段的21天完全禁食实验，期间采集志愿者完成Two-back范式短时记忆任务的绩效数据和静息态EEG数据；通过功率谱分析得到EEG信号中各节律成分的特征，评估志愿者记忆和注意力的变化。结果表明：长时间禁食过程中，任务反应时显著延长(P<0.05)，正确率变化不显著，即志愿者的反应速度、注意力集中程度逐渐减弱，在第16天左右受影响最显著；禁食过程中，δ波活动增加，α波活动下降，(δ+θ)/(α+β)、θ/α比值增大，变化均出现在禁食第10～16天期间，并在恢复期回归正常。基于EEG和绩效数据，认为在21天的禁食状态下，δ波、α波、(δ+θ)/(α+β)、θ/α等指标会发生显著变化，根据各节律成分的特性，这些指标反映了禁食状态下注意力的分散和工作记忆能力的下降，志愿者的基本认知功能受到影响，主要变化出现在禁食第10～16天。研究结果可作为长时间禁食时人的认知能力变化评估的支撑数据，也为未来航天及其他领域进一步探索禁食的作用机制提供参考。
- 长时间禁食 /
- 脑电信号 /
- 功率谱分析 /
- 记忆 /
- 注意功能
Abstract:
In space rescue missions, the rescued personnel may experience food shortages. In order to determine rescue missions, it is essential to examine the behavioral performance and electroencephalogram (EEG) signal changes of healthy adults completing short-term memory and concentration activities while fasting for 21 days. This paper recruited 13 volunteers and had them participate in a 21-day complete fasting experiment divided into 4 experimental stages in an experimental cabin. During this time, volunteers who completed the Two-back paradigm short-term memory task had their performance and resting state EEG data collected. Power spectrum analysis was used to determine the characteristics of the different rhythmic components in the EEG signals in order to assess the volunteers’ memory and attention changes. The results showed that the task response time was significantly prolonged during prolonged fasting (P<0.05), and the change in accuracy was not significant. The reaction speed and concentration level of volunteers gradually weaken, and the impact is most significant around the 16th day; During fasting, δ activity increased, α activity decreased, (δ+θ)/(α+β), θ/α ratio increased, and changes occur during the 10th to 16th day of fasting, and return to normal during the recovery period. Based on EEG and performance data, this paper believes that after 21 days of fasting δ, α, (δ+θ)/(α+β), θ/α changes significantly in the long period of fasting. Based on the features of each rhythmic element, these markers show how volunteers’ basic cognitive function will be impacted by attentional distraction and working memory loss during fasting. The main changes occur from the 10th to the 16th day of fasting. The research results of the paper can be used as supporting data for the assessment of cognitive ability changes during long fasting, and it also provides a reference for further exploring the mechanism of fasting in future aerospace and other fields.
- long-term fasting /
- electroencephalogram signal /
- power spectrum analysis /
- memory /
- attention function

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图 1 Two-back实验范式

Figure 1. Two-back experimental paradigm

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图 2 测试时间安排

Figure 2. Test schedule

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图 3 实验流程

Figure 3. Experimental process

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图 4 实验期间不同脑区节律波相对功率

Figure 4. Relative power of rhythmic waves in different brain regions during the experiment

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图 5 实验期间不同脑区节律波相对功率比值

Figure 5. Relative power ratio of rhythmic waves in different brain regions during the experiment

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表 1 10-20电极导联系统电极名称

Table 1. 10-20 electrode lead system electrode names

脑区	英文缩写	电极名称
额叶	F	F3、Fz、F4
中央叶	C	C3、Cz、C4
顶叶	P	P3、Pz、P4
枕叶	O	O1、Oz、O2
颞叶	T	T7、T8

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表 2 不同时间段下Two-back平均正确率和反应时结果

Table 2. Two-back average accuracy and reaction time results at different time periods

时间段	平均正确率/%	反应时/ms
BL	88.74(24.03)	318.99(39.8)
CF4	88.27(13.16)	346.32(55.65)
CF10	86.18(21.28)	361.01*(24.52)
CF16	83.85(13.81)	391.81*(58.17)
CF21	87.98(11.67)	381.87*(41.15)
CR5	89.51(10.39)	343.72(64.02)
R4	91.82(13.49)	320.37(69.07)
注：“*”表示P<0.05；括号中数值表示标准差。

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表 3 脑电节律波相对功率配对t检验结果

Table 3. Paired t-test results of relative power of EEG rhythm waves

EEG参数	实验条件	t检验结果
EEG参数	实验条件	额叶	中央叶	顶叶	枕叶	颞叶
δ波	BLvsCF4	0.065	0.428	0.732	0.943	0.942
	BLvsCF10	0.288	0.409	0.407	0.821	0.915
	BLvsCF16	0.017*	0.041*	0.158	0.633	0.366
	BLvsCF21	0.080	0.196	0.242	0.558	0.722
	BLvsCR5	0.013*	0.036*	0.113	0.690	0.598
	BLvsR4	0.408	0.698	0.593	0.812	0.638
θ波	BLvsCF4	0.178	0.072	0.037*	0.009**	0.093
	BLvsCF10	0.943	0.453	0.637	0.645	0.671
	BLvsCF16	0.980	0.397	0.239	0.258	0.543
	BLvsCF21	0.386	0.775	0.719	0.603	0.223
	BLvsCR5	0.385	0.766	0.506	0.509	0.202
	BLvsR4	0.324	0.897	0.491	0.287	0.074
α波	BLvsCF4	0.203	0.476	0.531	0.374	0.788
	BLvsCF10	0.140	0.103	0.103	0.709	0.212
	BLvsCF16	0.014*	0.010*	0.015*	0.067	0.009**
	BLvsCF21	0.141	0.087	0.279	0.901	0.194
	BLvsCR5	0.003**	0.001**	<0.001**	0.010*	0.005**
	BLvsR4	0.307	0.411	0.409	0.985	0.347
β波	BLvsCF4	0.142	0.074	0.112	0.121	0.214
	BLvsCF10	0.551	0.619	0.436	0.611	0.181
	BLvsCF16	0.068	0.049*	0.021*	0.206	0.033*
	BLvsCF21	0.866	0.525	0.966	0.461	0.104
	BLvsCR5	0.031*	0.081	0.005**	0.035*	0.034*
	BLvsR4	0.176	0.275	0.267	0.487	0.139
注：“”表示P<0.05；“*”表示P<0.01。

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表 4 脑电节律波相对功率比值配对t检验结果

Table 4. Paired t-test results of relative power ratio of EEG rhythm waves

EEG参数	实验条件	t检验结果
EEG参数	实验条件	额叶	中央叶	顶叶	枕叶	颞叶
(δ+θ)/(α+β)	BLvsCF4	0.035*	0.099	0.060	0.331	0.251
	BLvsCF10	0.274	0.235	0.267	0.811	0.876
	BLvsCF16	0.063	0.035*	0.067	0.619	0.244
	BLvsCF21	0.201	0.147	0.185	0.383	0.756
	BLvsCR5	0.007**	0.009**	0.048*	0.635	0.699
	BLvsR4	0.683	0.374	0.146	0.451	0.474
θ/α	BLvsCF4	0.066	0.023*	0.012*	0.072	0.064
	BLvsCF10	0.335	0.027*	0.037*	0.395	0.112
	BLvsCF16	0.060	0.023*	0.019*	0.227	0.323
	BLvsCF21	0.592	0.119	0.049*	0.358	0.979
	BLvsCR5	0.012*	0.013*	0.004**	0.091	0.085
	BLvsR4	0.722	0.083	0.066	0.200	0.343
注：“”表示P<0.05；“*”表示P<0.01。

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