复合材料结构电池在民用飞机中的应用

李星; 楼旸; 董嘉琪; 徐吉峰; 吴海宏; 石伟峰

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0701

复合材料结构电池在民用飞机中的应用

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0701

李星^{1, 2},
楼旸²,
董嘉琪²,
徐吉峰^1, ,,
吴海宏³,
石伟峰²

1.
中国商飞北京民用飞机技术研究中心民用飞机结构与复合材料北京市重点实验室，北京 102211
2.
中国商飞北京民用飞机技术研究中心未来产品论证中心方案总体部，北京 102211
3.
河南工业大学碳纤维复合材料国际合作实验室，郑州 450001

基金项目:

山西省科技重大专项计划(202101040201003)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：xujifeng@comac.cc

中图分类号: V257；TB332
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- 文章访问数: 480
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-30
- 录用日期: 2024-02-23
- 网络出版日期: 2024-03-20
- 整期出版日期: 2025-12-31

Application of composite structural battery in civil aircraft

LI Xing^{1, 2},
LOU Yang²,
DONG Jiaqi²,
XU Jifeng^{1
, ,},
WU Haihong³,
SHI Weifeng²

1.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Commercial Aircraft Structures and Composite Materials，Comac Bejing Aircraft Technology Re-search Institute，Beijing 102211，China
2.
Future Product Research Center，Department of Whole Scheme Design，Comac Bejing Aircraft Technology Research Institute，Beijing 102211，China
3.
Carbon Fiber Composites International Joint Research Lab in Henan，Henan University of Technology，Zhengzhou 450001，China

Funds:

Major Science and Technology Project in Shanxi Province (202101040201003)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：xujifeng@comac.cc

摘要

摘要:
复合材料结构电池能够使传统复合材料结构在满足承载功能的同时，具备电存储性能，是实现民用飞机结构功能一体化的途径之一。复合材料结构电池的研究现状及性能指标表明，其结构刚度效率和结构强度效率约为60%，储能效率约为50%。复合材料结构电池可优先用于向飞机厨房系统和客舱娱乐系统供电，待技术进一步提升后可用于向客舱环控系统、机翼电防除冰等系统供电；复合材料结构电池布置首选客舱地板、厨房和盥洗室结构件，其次可选择翼身整流罩、机翼/尾翼后缘舱等结构。对于复合材料结构电池应用于民用飞机结构的有利条件和不利因素进行了综合对比分析，典型应用场景下复合材料结构电池可实现结构减重和燃油节约的效益，同时也会带来制造成本、检查维护成本、地面充电/基础设施建设成本的增加。复合材料结构电池应用于民用飞机也对客舱防火技术和电池热管理技术带来了新的挑战。
- 复合材料 /
- 结构电池 /
- 储能结构 /
- 民机应用 /
- 结构功能一体化
Abstract:
The composite structural battery enables the traditional composite structure not only to meet load-bearing requirements, but also to provide an electrical storage capability, which is one feasible way to realize the integration of structure and function in civil aircraft. In this paper, the research status and performance of composite structural batteries are reviewed. The structural stiffness efficiency and structural strength efficiency of the composite structure battery are about 60% respectively, and the energy storage efficiency is about 50%. The aircraft galley system and in-flight entertainment system can be powered primarily by the composite structure battery. As technology advances, it can also power the cabin environmental control system, wing electric anti-icing, and other systems. The first choice for structural battery application is the cabin floor, galley/lavatory structure, followed by wing-body fairing, wing/tail trailing edge and other structures. The advantages and disadvantages of composite structure batteries applied to civil aircraft structures are analyzed comprehensively. In typical application scenarios, composite structure batteries can achieve structural weight reduction and fuel saving benefits, but also bring an increase in manufacturing costs, inspection and maintenance costs, and ground electrical charging/infrastructure construction costs. Battery thermal management and cabin fire safety technologies face additional difficulties as a result of the use of composite structure batteries in passenger aircraft.
- composite material /
- structure battery /
- energy storage structure /
- civil aircraft application /
- integration of structure and function

HTML全文

图 1 嵌入集成式结构电池示意图^[13]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of embedded integrated structure battery^[13]

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图 2 多功能复合材料结构电池示意图^[17,33]

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of a multifunctional composite structure battery^[17,33]

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图 3 复合材料结构电池储能密度与结构刚度效率^{[13-14,17-19,24-26,29,33-36]}

Figure 3. Energy storage density versus structural stiffness efficiency of composite structure battery^{[13-14,17-19,24-26,29,33-36]}

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图 4 复合材料结构电池储能密度与结构强度效率^{[13-14,17-19,24-26,29,33-36]}

Figure 4. Energy storage density versus structural strength efficiency of composite structure battery^{[13-14,17-19,24-26,29,33-36]}

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图 5 民用飞机多电架构下用电需求示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of electricity demand of civil aircraft in more electric architecture

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图 6 窄体飞机典型飞行剖面用电功率^[49]

Figure 6. Power demands of narrow-body aircraft in typical flight profile^[49]

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图 7 复合材料结构电池潜在应用部位

Figure 7. Potential applicable components of composite structure battery

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图 8 复合材料结构电池等效储能密度计算

Figure 8. Calculation of equivalent energy storage density of composite structure battery

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图 9 复合材料结构电池等效储能密度分析

Figure 9. Analysis of equivalent energy storage density of composite structure battery

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图 10 发电机、结构电池向IFE供能方案对比^[26]

Figure 10. Comparison of power supply between generator and composite structure battery for IFE^[26]

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图 11 复合材料结构电池对飞机质量的影响分析

Figure 11. Trade-off study of composite structure battery on aircraft weight

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表 1 复合材料结构电池性能预测

Table 1. Performance prediction of composite material structure battery

类型	参数	当前值	预测值
常规电池	储能密度/(Wh·kg⁻¹)	300	500
常规复材层板	等效刚度/GPa	80	80
常规复材层板	压缩许用应力/MPa	300	300
复合材料结构电池	储能效率$ {\varOmega _{E_{\mathrm{w}}}} $/%	50	60
	结构刚度效率$ {\varOmega _{S_{\mathrm{E}}}} $/%	60	80
	结构强度效率$ {\varOmega _{S_{\text{σ}} }} $/%	60	60
	储能密度/(Wh·kg⁻¹)	150	300
	刚度/GPa	48	64
	压缩许用应力/MPa	180	180
注：常规复材层板指T800级碳纤维层板，按典型铺层比例40/50/10计算等效刚度；压缩许用应力通常由冲击后压缩、开孔压缩等性能决定；当前值表示2023年的数值，预测值表示2023—2033年的数值。

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表 2 复合材料结构电池潜在应用部位分析

Table 2. Analysis of potential application position of composite structure battery

结构部位	可用空间	外形复杂度	服役温度^[55-56]	外部威胁	检修维护	防火要求	总分
机翼前缘	1	1	1（考虑防除冰加温，约−55～100 ℃）	1（鸟撞、冰雹）	3	3	10
机翼后缘	3	4	2（约−55～80 ℃）	3（作动器漏液）	5	3	20
尾翼前缘	2	1	2（约−55～80 ℃）	1（鸟撞、冰雹）	4	3	13
尾翼后缘	3	4	2（约−55～80 ℃）	3（作动器漏液）	5	3	20
翼身整流罩	5	3	1（考虑空调组件，约−55～100 ℃）	3（跑道碎石、液体腐蚀）	4	3	19
厨房/盥洗室结构件	3	5	5（约20～50 ℃）	3（厨房/盥洗室液体腐蚀）	4	1	21
客舱侧板/天花板	3	2	5（约20～50 ℃）	4（颠簸撞击）	2	1	17
行李架	1	1	5（约20～50 ℃）	4（颠簸撞击）	3	1	15
客舱地板	5	5	5（约20～50 ℃）	4（行李掉落）	3	1	23
货舱地板	3	5	5（约5～35 ℃）	1（货物撞击、液体腐蚀）	2	1	17
注：分数范围为1～5，5表示非常适用，1表示较不适用。

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