基于2D-FFT与2D-CFAR的调频引信快速高精度信号处理方法

张安琪; 曹荣刚; 周宇; 李佳武; 曹宇曦; 于永滨

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0827

基于2D-FFT与2D-CFAR的调频引信快速高精度信号处理方法

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2023.0827

张安琪¹,
曹荣刚^{1, 2, ,},
周宇¹,
李佳武¹,
曹宇曦¹,
于永滨¹

1.
北京理工大学机电动态控制重点实验室，北京 100081
2.
北京理工大学唐山研究院，唐山 063611

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：crgeea@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TJ43⁺4.1
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-20
- 录用日期: 2024-03-01
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-03
- 整期出版日期: 2026-03-31

Fast and high precision signal processing method for frequency modulation fuze based on 2D-FFT and 2D-CFAR

1.
Science of Technology on Electromechanical Dynamic Control Laboratory，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China
2.
Tangshan Research Institute，Beijing Institute of Technology，Tangshan 063611，China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：crgeea@bit.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
针对调频引信在实际应用中谐波定距法定距精度不高的问题，根据快速傅里叶变换(FFT)及恒虚警率(CFAR)理论，设计以二维快速傅里叶变换(2D-FFT)方法与频域二维恒虚警率(2D-CFAR)自适应检测方法为核心的差频信号处理方法。该方法将一维差频信号转换为二维矩阵，通过2D-FFT变换得到二维距离-速度频谱，并将静态杂波滤除，抑制噪声对调频引信的影响，对滤波后的二维频谱使用2D-CFAR提取目标的距离和速度。通过仿真验证所提方法性能，结果表明：所提方法在干信比15 dB的情况下，定距相对误差为0.033，测速相对误差为0.004，能够在10.26 μs内准确地输出起爆信号。所提方法能够满足调频引信与地面目标在高速交会情况下目标距离和速度的准确获取和实时性，并提高调频引信的抗扫频干扰能力。
- 调频引信 /
- 二维快速傅里叶变换 /
- 二维恒虚警率 /
- 现场可编程门阵列 /
- 信号处理
Abstract:
Aiming at the problem of low distance accuracy of the harmonic distance determination method in the practical application of frequency modulation fuze, a differential frequency signal processing method is designed based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) theory, with a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) method and frequency domain two-dimensional constant false alarm rate (2D-CFAR) adaptive detection method as the core. To reduce the impact of noise on the frequency modulation fusion, this approach transforms a one-dimensional differential frequency signal into a two-dimensional matrix, applies 2D-FFT transformation to produce a two-dimensional distance velocity frequency domain, and removes static clutter. The filtered two-dimensional frequency domain is used to extract the distance and velocity of the target using 2D-CFAR. The performance of the system is verified by simulation. According to the research findings, at a jamming-to-signal ratio of 15 dB, the relative error of the velocity measurement is 0.004 and the relative error of the differential frequency signal processing system is 0.033. The system has high real-time performance and can accurately output the initiation signal within 10.26 μs. The proposed method can obtain the target distance and speed accurately and in real time when the frequency modulation fuze and the ground target intersect at high speed, and improve the anti-sweep jamming ability of the frequency modulation fuze.
- frequency modulation fuze /
- two-dimensional fast Fourier transform /
- two-dimensional constant false alarm rate /
- field-programmable gate array /
- signal processing

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图 1 毫米波调频引信理论框图

Figure 1. Theoretical block diagram of millimeter wave frequency modulation fuze

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图 2 锯齿波调频定距引信信号时频特性曲线

Figure 2. Time frequency characteristic curve of sawtooth wave frequency modulation fixed distance fuse signal

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图 3 差频信号处理方法流程框图

Figure 3. Flow chart of differential frequency signal processing method

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图 4 数据重排流程

Figure 4. Flow chart of data rearrangement

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图 5 2D-FFT距离和速度提取方法

Figure 5. 2D-FFT distance velocity extraction method

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图 6 2D-CFAR检测的信号处理步骤

Figure 6. Signal processing steps for 2D-CFAR detection

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图 7 2D-CFAR检测方法

Figure 7. 2D-CFAR detection method

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图 8 调频引信发射信号、回波信号和差频信号模型

Figure 8. The model of transmitting signal, receiving signal, and differential frequency signal for frequency modulation fuze

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图 9 未经静态杂波滤除的1D-FFT处理结果

Figure 9. 1D-FFT processing results without static clutter filtering

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图 10 静态杂波滤除后的1D-FFT处理结果

Figure 10. 1D-FFT processing results after static clutter filtering

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图 11 2D-FFT处理结果

Figure 11. 2D-FFT processing result

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图 12 2D-CFAR检测处理结果

Figure 12. 2D-CFAR detection processing results

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图 13 不同干信比下差频信号处理方法处理结果

Figure 13. Processing results of differential frequency signals processing method under different jamming-to-signal ratios

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图 14 差频信号处理方法在FPGA上运行的仿真结果

Figure 14. Simulation results of differential frequency signal processing method running on the FPGA

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表 1 毫米波调频引信的系统参数

Table 1. System parameters of millimeter wave frequency modulation fuse

载波中心频率$ {f}_{\text{c}} $/GHz	调制频偏 $ {F}_{\text{m}} $/MHz	调制周期$ {T}_{\text{m}} $/μs	弹目交会距离$ R $/m	弹目交会速度$ v $/(m·s⁻¹)	FIR带通滤波器通带范围/MHz
60	450	10	9～12	100	2.7～3.6

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表 2 扫频干扰参数

Table 2. Sweep frequency interference parameters

载波中心频率/GHz	扫频干扰带宽/MHz	干扰调制周期/μs	干信比/dB
60	600	500	15，20

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表 3 FPGA的片上资源消耗情况

Table 3. The on-chip resource consumption of FPGA

资源	已使用	可用	利用率/%
LUT	13604	134600	10.11
LUTRAM	2040	46200	4.42
FF	19270	269200	7.16
BRAM	68	365	18.63
DSP	14	740	1.89
IO	8	285	2.81

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