引射气体组分对壁面热流和摩擦阻力的影响规律

张绪; 赵瑞; 李宇; 杨光; 王丽燕

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2024.0009

引射气体组分对壁面热流和摩擦阻力的影响规律

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2024.0009

张绪¹,
赵瑞^{1, 2, ,},
李宇³,
杨光³,
王丽燕³

1.
北京理工大学宇航学院，北京 100081
2.
北京理工大学重庆创新中心，重庆 401135
3.
中国运载火箭技术研究院空间物理重点实验室，北京 100076

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：zr@bit.edu.cn

中图分类号: V221.3；TB553
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-08
- 录用日期: 2024-04-07
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-22
- 整期出版日期: 2026-04-30

Influence mechanism of gas components on wall heat flux and skin friction

ZHANG Xu¹,
ZHAO Rui^{1, 2
, ,},
LI Yu³,
YANG Guang³,
WANG Liyan³

1.
School of Aerospace Engineering，Beijing Institute of Technology，Beijing 100081，China
2.
Chongqing Innovation Center，Beijing Institute of Technology，Chongqing 401135，China
3.
Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory，China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology，Beijing 100076，China

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：zr@bit.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
壁面质量引射可有效降低壁面热流和摩擦阻力，是解决高超声速飞行器热防护问题的备选方案之一。选取二维钝楔为计算模型，展开质量引射对降热减阻的数值模拟研究，对比分析了3种不同工质引射气体（热解气体、水蒸气和二氧化碳）对气动力热特性的影响。将热流分解为对流热流和扩散热流可知，热解气体引射降低了对流热流和扩散热流；而水蒸气和二氧化碳引射虽然降低了对流热流，但增大了扩散热流，且水蒸气增大扩散热流的效果更明显，使得总热流增加。此外，3种不同工质引射气体均通过降低壁面附近的速度梯度来降低壁面的摩擦阻力，其中，热解气体引射降低的速度梯度最大，减阻效果最好。
- 壁面质量引射 /
- 气体组分 /
- 降热减阻 /
- 高超声速 /
- 计算流体力学
Abstract:
One way to address the thermal protection issue of hypersonic vehicles is through wall mass injection, which can successfully lower skin friction and wall heat flow. The effects of three distinct gases (pyrolysis gas, water vapor, and carbon dioxide) on aerodynamic force and thermal characteristics are compared and analyzed, and the numerical simulation of mass injection on the heat flux and skin friction of the wall is investigated using a two-dimensional blunt wedge as the calculation model. It is possible to determine that the pyrolysis gas injection lowers the convective and diffusion heat flux by splitting the heat flux into these two categories. Both carbon dioxide injection and water vapor enhance the diffusion heat flux while decreasing the convective heat flow. The effect of water vapor raising the diffusion heat flux is more noticeable, leading to an increase in the overall heat flux. Additionally, by lowering the velocity gradient close to the wall, all three gases can lessen the skin-friction of the wall, with pyrolysis gas injection having a greater impact.
- wall mass injection /
- gas component /
- heat flux and skin-friction reduction /
- hypersonic /
- computational fluid dynamics

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图 1 “星尘号”计算网格

Figure 1. Computational mesh of stardust reentry

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图 2 数值计算结果对比

Figure 2. Comparison of numerical results

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图 3 钝楔计算模型

Figure 3. Computational model of blunt wedge

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图 4 钝楔计算网格

Figure 4. Computational mesh of blunt wedge

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图 5 钝楔流场结构示意图

Figure 5. Schematic diagram of blunt wedge flow features

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图 6 钝楔迎风面边界层厚度分布

Figure 6. Boundary layer thickness distributions along the windward of the blunt wedge

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图 7 钝楔迎风面壁面热流分布

Figure 7. Heat flux distributions on windward of the blunt wedge

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图 8 钝楔迎风面对流热流分布

Figure 8. Convection heat flux distributions on windward of the blunt wedge

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图 9 钝楔迎风面扩散热流分布

Figure 9. Diffusion heat flux distributions on windward of the blunt wedge

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图 10 钝楔迎风面 x=1.2 m处T/T_∞沿壁面法向分布

Figure 10. Distributions of T/T_∞ on windward of the blunt wedge along the wall-normal direction at x=1.2 m

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图 11 钝楔迎风面k分布

Figure 11. Distributions of k on windward of the blunt wedge

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图 12 钝楔迎风面x=1.2 m处组分质量分数梯度分布

Figure 12. Distributions of component mass fraction gradient on windward of the blunt wedge at x=1.2 m

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图 13 钝楔迎风面壁面C_f分布

Figure 13. Distributions of C_f on windward of the blunt wedge

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图 14 钝楔迎风面μ分布

Figure 14. Distributions of μ on windward of the blunt wedge

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图 15 钝楔迎风面 x=1.2 m处U/U_∞沿壁面法向分布

Figure 15. Distributions of U/U_∞ on windward of the blunt wedge along the wall-normal direction at x=1.2 m

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表 1 引射工质质量分数

Table 1. Mass injection conditions

引射工质	质量分数/%
H₂O	3.08
CO₂	1.22
N₂	67.80
H₂	0.72
O₂	2.44
CO	12.50
OH	3.71
NO	2.08
N	0.0078
O	6.46

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表 2 来流工况

Table 2. Flow condition

速度/(m·s⁻¹)	来流密度/(kg·m⁻³)	温度/K	迎角/(°)
7349	1.6×10⁻⁴	233	9.5

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表 3 质量引射工质

Table 3. Mass injection conditions

引射工质	各组分占比
引射工质	H₂O	H₂	CH₄	CO	CO₂
水蒸气	1	0	0	0	0
二氧化碳	0	0	0	0	1
热解气体	0.66	0.23	0.06	0.01	0.01

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表 4 引射气体摩尔质量

Table 4. Molar mass of injection gas g/mol

热解气体	水蒸气	二氧化碳
14.04	18.02	44.01

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表 5 引射气体各组分扩散系数和焓值

Table 5. Diffusion coefficient and enthalpy of each component of injection gas

引射工质	组分	扩散系数D_s/ (m²·s⁻¹)	焓值$h_{s}^{a} $/ (MJ·kg⁻¹)	$ \displaystyle\sum\limits_{s=1}^{ns}{D}_{s}h_{s}^{a}\dfrac{\partial {Y}_{s}}{\partial n}\Big/ $ ((m²·MJ)·(s·kg)⁻¹)
热解气体	H₂O	0.25	−10.75	21.17
	H₂	0.28	18.02
	CH₄	0.14	0.35
	CO	0.16	−2.56
	CO₂	0.13	−7.54
水蒸气	H₂O	0.25	−10.75	133.54
二氧化碳	CO₂	0.13	−7.54	42.38

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