Model design and aerodynamic characteristics simulation analysis of fold-wing aircraft
-
摘要:
变体飞行器在飞行过程中的构型改变、弹性变形及流场之间相互耦合，其气动特性受到显著影响。针对折叠翼变体飞行器的机翼折展运动导致的气动特性变化和机翼弹性变形问题，开展折叠翼的气动弹性仿真研究。采用翼身融合的三角翼方案，建立三维模型并制作实物模型，验证机翼的构型改变功能。简化模型并划分网格，设置流固耦合仿真环境，利用单向流固耦合仿真分析气流迎角、气流速度对折叠翼的升阻力特性和弹性变形的耦合影响，开展双向流固耦合仿真，基于机翼剖线压力分析折展运动对机翼表面压力分布的影响，研究机翼构型改变、弹性变形及流场环境的耦合效应。研究发现：折叠翼变体飞行器的气动特性及弹性变形与气流迎角、气流速度、机翼折展角度及折展速度都有关；折展速度对折叠翼的气动特性和弹性变形有重要影响，快速折展比慢速折展导致更显著的机翼气动特性变化和弹性变形。研究结果对折叠翼变体飞行器的气动特性分析、机翼弹性变形抑制，以及飞行控制器设计有重要指导意义。
Abstract:The coupling of configuration change, elastic deformation, and the flow field significantly affects the aerodynamic characteristics of morphing aircraft during flight. Aeroelastic simulations were carried out to take into account the alteration in aerodynamics and elastic deformation of a wing brought about by the folding motion of a fold-wing morphing aircraft. A delta-wing scheme with a blend-wing-body configuration was used to establish a three-dimensional model. A physical model of the fold-wing aircraft was made and the wing's morphing function was verified. Subsequently, a simplified and meshed model was set up for aerodynamic simulations. Using unidirectional fluid-solid coupling simulations, the coupling effects of airflow angle of attack and airflow velocity on the aerodynamic properties and elastic deformation of folding wings were examined. Moreover, a bidirectional fluid-solid coupling simulation was carried out to analyze the influence of folding motion on aerodynamic characteristics of aircraft based on the pressure of the section lines of wings, and to study the coupling effects of changes in wing configuration, flexible deformation and flow field. The research revealed that the aerodynamic characteristics and elastic deformation of a fold-wing morphing aircraft are related to its flow angle of attack, flow velocity, folding angle and folding speed. Additionally, the folding velocity played a crucial role in shaping the aerodynamic characteristics and flexible deformation of the folding wings, with rapid folding leading to more distinct changes than slow folding. These results are of great significance for analyzing aerodynamic characteristics, suppressing flexible deformation, and designing flight controllers for fold-wing morphing aircraft.
-
Key words:
- folding wing /
- fluid-solid coupling /
- folding motion /
- aerodynamic characteristics /
- simulation analysis
-
图 2 折叠翼变体飞行器的三维模型
1. 外翼；2. 中翼；3. 襟翼；4. 内翼；5. 机身；6. 螺旋桨；7. 中翼肋板Ⅰ；8. 主动轮；9. 从动轮；10. 外翼肋板；11. 舵机；12. 中翼肋板Ⅱ；13. 蜗杆；14. 蜗轮；15. 内翼肋板；16. 尾翼。
Figure 2. 3D model of fold-wing morphing aircraft
图 11 慢速折展过程，$ \omega =14.33\;({\text{°}})\text{/s} $
Figure 11. Slow folding progress, $ \omega =14.33\;({\text{°}})\text{/s} $
图 12 快速折展过程，$ \omega =573.25\;({\text{°}})\text{/s} $
Figure 12. Quick folding progress, $ \omega =573.25\;({\text{°}})\text{/s} $
表 1 流场参数和结构参数
Table 1. Flow parameters and structural parameters
参数 取值 流场出口压力/Pa 0 流场密度/(kg·m−3) 1.225 流场动力黏度/105 （Pa·s） 1.79 机翼密度/(kg·m–3) 2770 机翼泊松比 0.33 机翼杨氏模量/GPa 71 
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 白鹏, 陈钱, 徐国武, 等. 智能可变形飞行器关键技术发展现状及展望[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2019, 37(3): 426-443.BAI P, CHEN Q, XU G W, et al. Development status of key technologies and expectation about smart morphing aircraft[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2019, 37(3): 426-443(in Chinese). [2] 祝连庆, 孙广开, 李红, 等. 智能柔性变形机翼技术的应用与发展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(14): 28-42.ZHU L Q, SUN G K, LI H, et al. Intelligent and flexible morphing wing technology: a review[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(14): 28-42(in Chinese). [3] WEISSHAAR T A. Morphing aircraft systems: historical perspectives and future challenges[J]. Journal of Aircraft, 2013, 50(2): 337-353. [4] 都显琛, 刘学翱, 董洋, 等. 可变后掠翼联动驱动机构设计与尺寸综合[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2022, 48(12): 2502-2509.DU X C, LIU X A, DONG Y, et al. Design and dimensional synthesis of a variable wing sweep mechanism[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022, 48(12): 2502-2509(in Chinese). [5] TARABI A, GHASEMLOO S, MANI M. Experimental investigation of a variable-span morphing wing model for an unmanned aerial vehicle[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2016, 38(7): 1833-1841. [6] 宋慧心, 金磊. 折叠翼飞行器的动力学建模与稳定控制[J]. 力学学报, 2020, 52(6): 1548-1559.SONG H X, JIN L. Dynamic modeling and stability control of folding wing aircraft[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2020, 52(6): 1548-1559(in Chinese). [7] 周文雅, 张宗宇, 王晓明, 等. 机翼中小尺度主动变形研究进展及关键技术[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(2): 121-138.ZHOU W Y, ZHANG Z Y, WANG X M, et al. Research progress and key techniques of active morphing wing at medium and small scales[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(2): 121-138(in Chinese). [8] PARANCHEERIVILAKKATHIL M S, HAIDER Z, AJAJ R M, et al. A polymorphing wing capable of span extension and variable pitch[J]. Aerospace, 2022, 9(4): 205. [9] ASHIR M, HINDAHL J, NOCKE A, et al. Development of an adaptive morphing wing based on fiber-reinforced plastics and shape memory alloys[J]. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2020, 50(1): 114-129. [10] 田大可, 张珺威, 金路, 等. 基于等边Bennett 机构的变形翼机构设计与分析[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2025, 51(3): 742-752.TTIAN D K, ZHANG J W, JIN L, et al. Design and analysis of morphing wing mechanism based on equilateral Bennett mechanism[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2025, 51(3): 742-752(in Chinese). [11] 孙冰, 陈伟. 基于时变观测器的变体飞行器有限时间鲁棒控制[J/OL]. 北京航空航天大学学报, (2024-03-07)[2024-04-16]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2625.V.20240305.1726.004.SUN B, CHEN W. Finite time robust control of morphing aircraft based on time-varying gain observer[J/OL] Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, (2024-03-07)[2024-04-16]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2625.V.20240305.1726.004(in Chinese). [12] 冯文正, 于菲, 姜涛, 等. 变后掠角与变翼型厚度机翼的气动特性分析[J]. 飞行力学, 2023, 41(1): 9-13.FENG W Z, YU F, JIANG T, et al. Analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of a wing with variable sweep angle and variable airfoil thickness[J]. Flight Dynamics, 2023, 41(1): 9-13(in Chinese). [13] 喻世杰, 周兴华, 黄锐. 变弯度机翼参数化气动弹性建模与颤振特性分析[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(8): 227346.YU S J, ZHOU X H, HUANG R. Parametric aeroelastic modeling and flutter characteristic analysis of variable camber wing[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(8): 227346(in Chinese). [14] AFONSO F, VALE J, LAU F, et al. Performance based multidisciplinary design optimization of morphing aircraft[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2017, 67: 1-12. [15] CHU L L, LI Q, GU F, et al. Design, modeling, and control of morphing aircraft: a review[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2022, 35(5): 220-246. [16] 甄子洋, 刘攀, 陆宇平. 变体飞行器智能变形与飞行控制技术研究进展[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2022, 54(6): 995-1006.ZHEN Z Y, LIU P, LU Y P. Research progress on intelligent deformation and flight control technology of morphing aircraft[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2022, 54(6): 995-1006(in Chinese). [17] 郭秋亭, 张来平, 常兴华, 等. 变形飞机动态气动特性数值模拟研究[J]. 空气动力学学报, 2011, 29(6): 744-750.GUO Q T, ZHANG L P, CHANG X H, et al. Numerical simulation of dynamic aerodynamic characteristics of a morphing aircraft[J]. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica, 2011, 29(6): 744-750(in Chinese). [18] ZHANG W, LV S L, NI Y G. Parametric aeroelastic modeling based on component modal synthesis and stability analysis for horizontally folding wing with hinge joints[J]. Nonlinear Dynamics, 2018, 92(2): 169-179. [19] XU H, HAN J L, XI Y, et al. Comparative study of lifting surface and CFD methods in the simulation of morphing process of folding wing[J]. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2022, 2022: 2476196. [20] 徐伟, 段富海. 折叠翼飞机有限元和流固耦合ANSYS分析[J]. 机电工程技术, 2020, 49(12): 6-9.XU W, DUAN F H. Finite element and fluid-structure interaction analysis of folding wing aircraft based on ANSYS[J]. Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology, 2020, 49(12): 6-9(in Chinese). [21] AJAJ R M, PARANCHEERIVILAKKATHIL M S, AMOOZGAR M, et al. Recent developments in the aeroelasticity of morphing aircraft[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2021, 120: 100682. [22] HUANG R, YANG Z J, YAO X J, et al. Parameterized modeling methodology for efficient aeroservoelastic analysis of a morphing wing[J]. AIAA Journal, 2019, 57(12): 5543-5552. [23] 徐浩, 韩景龙, 奚勇, 等. 折叠翼飞行器气动弹性变体飞行仿真平台[J]. 北京航空航天大学学报, 2024, 50(6): 1921-1930.XU H, HAN J L, XI Y, et al. Aeroelastic morphing flight simulation platform for a folding wing aircraft[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2024, 50(6): 1921-1930(in Chinese). [24] WEN L Y, REN Q P, YANG J, et al. Longitudinal modeling and aerodynamic evaluation of morphing aircraft with symmetric folding wing tips[J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2023, 40(4): 382-400. [25] 张贺, 刘清扬, 李留刚, 等. 变构型飞行器多刚体非定常仿真技术[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(S2): 729421.ZHANG H, LIU Q Y, LI L G, et al. Multibody system unsteady simulation technology for morphing aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(S2): 729421(in Chinese). -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 686
- HTML全文浏览量: 239
- PDF下载量: 32
- 被引次数: 0
