Influence of transport aircraft wake vortex on parachute and calculation method of formation airdrop spacing
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摘要:
运输机编队空投能在最短的时间内让更多的物资投送到指定地点，追求高效的同时也要考虑运输机尾涡给空投带来的危险。针对此问题，提出运输机尾涡对空投伞的影响与编队空投间距计算方法。建立空投伞降落过程遭遇尾涡的风险评估模型；对运输机编队空投的危险性计算分析；对空投中的运输机编队飞行的安全间距计算分析。研究结果表明：“一”字形编队空投时空投伞处于尾涡危险区域的时间是“人”字形编队空投的2.0倍。随着空投高度的增加，运输机飞行速度、空投伞伞冠半径、开始打开空投伞的时间点、温度偏差这4个因素对空投伞降落过程中处于尾涡危险区域的时间的影响都是先增加再减小。3架C-17运输机“人”字形编队空投，当空投高度从100～1 000 m变化时，若左右间距为100 m不变，安全的前后间距随着空投高度的升高在逐渐变大，从500 m开始，空投高度每增加100 m，安全的前后间距就增加20 m。若前后间距为3 500 m不变，空投高度为100～200 m对应安全的左右间距为100 m；空投高度为300～
1000 m对应安全的左右间距为110 m。Abstract:The pursuit of high efficiency should take into account the risk that the transport aircraft wake vortex poses to the parachute, even though the transport aircraft formation airdrop can carry more equipment and commodities to the designated location in the shortest amount of time. In order to solve this problem, the research on the influence of transport aircraft wake vortex on parachute and the calculation method of formation airdrop spacing is proposed. Firstly, the risk assessment model of the wake vortex encountered during the airdrop parachute landing process was established. Secondly, the danger of the transport aircraft formation airdrop was calculated and analyzed. Thirdly, the safety transport aircraft formation airdrop spacing was calculated and analyzed. The results show that the time of the single file formation airdrop in the wake vortex danger area is 2.0 times that of the herringbone formation airdrop. With the increase of the airdrop altitude, the influence of the four factors of the transport aircraft's flight speed, the radius of the parachute canopy, the time to open the parachute, and the temperature deviation on the time of the airdrop parachute during landing in the wake vortex danger area increases first and then decreases. Three C-17 transport aircraft were airdropped in a herringbone formation when the airdrop altitude changed from 100 meters to
1000 meters. If the left and right spacing is 100 meters, the safe front and back spacing gradually increases with the increase of the airdrop altitude, starting from 500 meters, the airdrop altitude increases by 20 meters for every 100 meters. When the airdrop altitude shifts from 100 to 200 meters, the safe left and right spacing is 100 meters; when the airdrop altitude shifts from 300 to 1 000 meters, the safe left and right spacing is 110 meters if the front and rear spacing is 3 500 meters.-
Key words:
- wake vortex field /
- formation airdrop /
- parachute /
- wake vortex encounter /
- airdrop altitude
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图 2 尾涡流场内任意点的诱导速度计算示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of calculation of induced velocity at any point in wake vortex field
图 5 空投伞边缘接触尾涡涡核半径处的位置示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of edge of airdrop parachute at radius of wake vortex nucleus
图 9 “人”字形编队飞行的运输机尾涡演化轨迹和空投伞降落轨迹
Figure 9. Evolution trajectory of wake vortex of transport aircraft and landing trajectory of airdrop parachute in herringbone formation flight
图 10 “一”字形编队飞行的运输机尾涡演化轨迹和空投伞降落轨迹
Figure 10. Evolution trajectory of wake vortex of transport aircraft and landing trajectory of airdrop parachute in single file formation flight
图 11 飞行速度变化对空投伞处于尾涡危险区域的时间的影响
Figure 11. Effect of flight speed variation on time of airdrop parachute in wake vortex danger zone
图 12 空投伞伞冠半径变化对空投伞处于尾涡危险区域时间的影响
Figure 12. Effect of airdrop parachute canopy radius variation on time of airdrop parachute in wake vortex danger zone
图 13 开始打开空投伞的时间点变化对空投伞处于尾涡危险区域时间的影响
Figure 13. Effect of time to open airdrop parachute variation on time of airdrop parachute in wake vortex danger zone
图 14 温度偏差变化对空投伞处于尾涡危险区域的时间的影响
Figure 14. Effect of temperature deviation variation on time of airdrop parachute in wake vortex danger zone
图 15 改变前后间距的编队飞行示意图
Figure 15. Schematic diagram of formation flight with change in the front and back spacing
图 16 不同空投高度下安全的前后间距
Figure 16. Safe front and back spacing at different airdrop heights
图 17 改变左右间距的编队飞行示意图
Figure 17. Schematic diagram of formation flight with change in the left and right spacing
图 18 不同空投高度下安全的左右间距
Figure 18. Safe left and right spacing at different airdrop heights
表 1 空投伞参数
Table 1. Airdrop parachute parameters
空投伞及
附属物的
质量/kg空投伞未打开前
附属物的
阻力系数附属物的
参考面积/
m2空投伞的最小参考
面积（即空投伞
未打开时）/m2118 0.5 1.6 0.25 
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