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摘要:
为准确测量飞机油箱内的燃油体积，提出基于流体单位质量力的飞机燃油测量算法（AFUMF）。在机体坐标系下基于三轴加速度计信号等效流体单位质量力直接确定油面单位法向量，将燃油箱内油量测量传感器测量的油面高度转换为燃油面上的点坐标，得到油面距离机体原点的有向距离用于确定油面高度，建立燃油测量数据库并实现燃油测量传感器高度至燃油体积解算。基于CATIA二次开发，采用蒙特卡罗方法对最小二乘（LMS）拟合和AFUMF开展误差评估，结果表明：在传感器存在误差的条件下，AFUMF对测量传感器误差有减小作用且仅需1根传感器有效即可实现油量解算，LMS对测量传感器误差有放大作用且需至少3根传感器有效以实现油量解算。通过动态燃油箱台架试验对AFUMF进行验证，试验结果表明：在测量范围内姿态稳定条件下，燃油测量最大误差为±0.5%油箱容积。
Abstract:In order to accurately measure the remaining fuel in the aircraft fuel tank, the aircraft fuel quantity measurement algorithm based on fluid unit mass force (AFUMF) is proposed. The unit normal vector of the fuel surface in the aircraft-body coordinate frame can be directly determined using the three-axis accelerometer’s output signals as the equivalent of fluid unit mass force. The fuel quantity database can then be created and utilized for the fuel volume calculation by combing the point coordinates obtained from the fuel probes' height signal to determine the directed distance from origin as the fuel surface height. A CATIA secondary development program is developed to evaluate the error distribution of least mean square (LMS) and AFUMF by using the Monte-Carlo analysis method. The result shows AFUMF will alleviate the fuel probes’ error and only 1 valid probe is needed, on the contrary, LMS will amplify the fuel probes’ error and at least 3 valid probes are required. Using a six-degree-of-freedom platform, a fuel tank test item was constructed to validate AFUMF. The test findings indicate that, under steady conditions, the maximum error is ±0.5% full fuel tank quantity.
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图 1 油面单位法向量与姿态角关系
Figure 1. Relationship between unit normal vector and attitude angles of fuel surface
图 4 AFUMF与加速度航姿法解算环节对比
Figure 4. Comparison between AFUMF and algorithm of attitude combined acceleration
图 5 典型油面姿态测量解算示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of fuel quantity solution for typical fuel surface attitude
表 1 燃油测量试验误差
Table 1. Error of fuel quantity measurement test
amx0 amy0 基准值/% 指示值/% 误差/% 0 0 4.59 4.58 −0.01 −0.12 0 4.59 4.24 −0.35 −0.26 0.09 4.59 4.17 −0.42 0 0.26 4.59 4.47 −0.12 0 0 45.51 45.46 −0.05 −0.12 0 45.51 45.87 0.36 −0.26 −0.09 45.51 45.91 0.40 0.17 −0.09 45.51 45.03 −0.47 0 0 90.96 91.05 0.10 −0.12 0 90.96 90.73 −0.23 −0.17 0.09 90.96 91.09 0.14 0.17 0.09 90.96 91.28 0.32 0 −0.26 90.96 91.47 0.51 0 0.26 90.96 90.62 −0.34 0 0 100.00 100.03 0.03 −0.26 0.09 100.00 99.78 −0.22 0.17 0.09 100.00 100.09 0.09 0 −0.26 100.00 100.39 0.39 0 0.26 100.00 99.89 −0.11 
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