Aeroelastic optimization of wing structure and material using multiple microstructures
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摘要:
微结构材料具有质量轻、功能多的特点，在航空航天领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，单种微结构材料的刚度特性无法适应飞机进一步的减重要求。基于此，针对大展弦比机翼的宏/微结构构型，提出一种基于多种微结构构型的机翼结构和材料的多尺度气动弹性优化方法。由均匀化方法等效微结构材料的力学特性，结合宏观结构单元密度，计算整体刚度，通过求解气动弹性平衡方程获得弹性气动力及位移，基于敏度信息实现机翼结构和材料的协同设计。优化结果表明：在相同载荷下，基于多种微结构材料的整体结构柔顺度较单种微结构材料减小了18.6%。与刚性气动力下的优化结果相比，机翼弹性效应对微结构拓扑构型影响较小，而宏观结构的外段被加强。所提方法可有效优化复杂边界条件下的机翼结构，实现机翼内合理的刚度分布。
Abstract:Microstructured materials are distinguished by their lightweight and multifunctional characteristics, which have a wide variety of applications in the aerospace field. However, the stiffness properties of a single microstructural material are not adaptable to the further weight reduction requirements of an airplane. This paper presents a multiscale aeroelastic optimization method for wing structure and materials based on multiple microstructural configurations. The method is designed for macro/microstructural configurations of wings with large aspect ratios. Homogenization is used to quantify the mechanical properties of microstructured materials, and the density of macroscopic structural elements is combined to determine the total stiffness. The elastic aerodynamic force and displacement are obtained by solving the aeroelastic balance equation. Co-design of the wing structure and material is achieved based on sensitivity information. The optimization results indicate that the overall structural compliance based on multiple microstructured materials is reduced by 18.6% compared to a single microstructured material under the same load. Compared to the optimization results obtained under rigid aerodynamic forces, the effect of wing elasticity has a lesser impact on the microstructure topology configuration, while the outer segments of the macrostructure are strengthened. Furthermore, an acceptable distribution of stiffness throughout the wing may be achieved and the wing structure can be efficiently optimized under complex boundary conditions using the method described in this study.
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图 4 目标函数和体积约束收敛
Figure 4. Convergence of the objective functions and volume constraints
图 12 刚性和弹性气动力下宏观结构拓扑
Figure 12. Macrostructural topology under rigid loading and elastic aerodynamic loads
图 13 不同展向位置单元体积对总体积的百分比
Figure 13. Ratio of percentage of element volume to total volume at different spanwise stations
表 1 优化及后处理结果
Table 1. Optimization and post-processing results
结构 单种微结构
柔顺度/J多种微结构
柔顺度/J最优结构 762 620 后处理结构 847 667 
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