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摘要:
为使飞机客舱获得较好的空气品质，同时提高客舱空调的节能水平，采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法建立波音737客机经济舱的仿真模型，并结合粒子图像测速(PIV)技术验证仿真模型的准确性。在此模型基础上，研究客舱空调使用不同回风比例对客舱内CO2浓度场的影响，并采用乘客呼吸区通风效率指标评估不同回风比例对舱内空气品质的影响。此外，使用起飞总质量法计算相同送风量时不同回风比例工况下的燃油代偿损失，并拟合出燃油代偿损失、乘客呼吸区通风效率与回风比例的函数关系，采用功效系数法构建评价函数，得到客舱空调的最佳回风比例为64.864%。所提方法能够为客舱空调的回风比例控制提供依据。
Abstract:In order to obtain better air quality and improve the energy saving level of cabin air conditioning, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was used to establish a simulation model of the economy class of Boeing 737 passenger aircraft, and particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the simulation model. Based on this model, the effects of different return air ratios on the CO2 concentration field in cabin air conditioning were studied, and the ventilation efficiency index of the passenger breathing area was used to evaluate the effects of different return air ratios on cabin air quality. The fuel compensation loss under various return air proportion conditions with the same air supply volume was also calculated using the total takeoff mass method, and a functional relationship between the fuel compensation loss, the ventilation efficiency of the passenger breathing area, and the return air proportion was fitted. The efficiency coefficient approach was used to design the evaluation function, and the ideal return air proportion for the cabin air conditioning system was 64.864%. This method can provide a basis for the proportional control of return air in cabin air conditioning.
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Key words:
- aircraft cabin /
- return air ratio /
- air quality /
- compensation loss /
- evaluation function /
- ventilation efficiency
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图 6 PIV实验和仿真采样值对比
Figure 6. Comparison of PIV experiment and simulation sampling values
图 9 客舱横向截面的CO2浓度场对比
Figure 9. CO2 concentration field comparison of cabin cross section
图 10 客舱纵向截面的CO2浓度场对比
Figure 10. CO2 concentration field comparison of cabin longitudinal section
图 11 乘客呼吸区通风效率与回风比例函数关系
Figure 11. Function relationship between ventilation efficiency and return air ratio in breathing area
图 12 燃油代偿损失与回风比例函数关系
Figure 12. Function relationship between fuel compensation loss and return air ratio
图 13 总功效系数与回风比例函数关系
Figure 13. Function relationship between total efficiency coefficient and return air ratio
表 1 CFM56发动机特性参数
Table 1. CFM56 engine characteristic parameters
升阻比 飞行速度/(m·s−1) 计算飞行时间/h 燃油比耗/(kg·(N·h)−1) 燃气质量定压
热容/(J·(kg·K)−1)涡轮进口温度/K 燃油燃烧的单位
热值/(kJ·kg−1)燃油燃烧完全系数 16 272 1 0.0395 1297 1577 43000 0.98 
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表 2 $ {r}_{\text{1}} $赋值参考
Table 2. Reference values of $ {r}_{\text{1}} $
$ r_1 $ 说明 1.0 指标$ {u}_{1} $与指标$ {u}_{2} $同样重要 1.2 指标$ {u}_{1} $比指标$ {u}_{2} $稍微重要 1.4 指标$ {u}_{1} $比指标$ {u}_{2} $明显重要 1.6 指标$ {u}_{1} $比指标$ {u}_{2} $强烈重要 1.8 指标$ {u}_{1} $比指标$ {u}_{2} $极端重要
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