-
摘要:
针对电动垂直起降飞行器(eVTOL)在垂直起降机场的运行任务规划与容量估算问题，通过对垂直起降机场布局结构的梳理，绘制出运行任务网络图；考虑eVTOL在垂直起降机场内的起降、滑行与保障任务，基于多商品流模型，引入网络内各节点进入时刻、离开时刻，构建出运行任务规划模型，以时间区间内最优任务规划为优化目标，将节点占用时间作为约束；以典型起降机场为例使用Python+Gurobi进行编程求解，对机场容量及影响因素进行计算分析。结果表明：所构建出的任务规划模型具有可行性。在影响垂直起降机场容量因素方面，当起降坪利用率低时，增加1个登机口能增加垂直起降机场3架次容量，并能为垂直起降机场提供100 s容量韧性；而当登机口利用率低时，增加1个起降坪，能为垂直起降机场提供7架次容量；通过缩短30 s起降时长能为垂直起降机场提供平均3架次容量。研究结果有助于未来估算垂直起降机场容量，并为eVTOL在垂直起降机场的运行调度提供一种建模思路。
Abstract:To solve the problem of electric vertical take-off and landing（eVTOL） operational planning and capacity estimation in a vertiport. Firstly, the operation task network was constructed by sorting out the layout structure of the vertiport. Then, based on the multi-commodity flow model and the entry and departure times of each node were set to construct the operational task planning model. The best task planning was taken as the optimization objective, and the node occupation time was taken as a constraint. Following the model's construction, a standard vertiport was utilized as an example, the problem was programmed and solved using Python and Gurobi, and the vertiport's maximum capacity as well as its influencing factors were computed and examined. The results show that the constructed task planning model is feasible. Regarding the variables influencing vertical take-off and landing airport capacity, when pad utilization is low, adding one gate can increase the capacity of three flights and provide a maximum capacity resilience of 100 seconds for vertiport; when boarding gate utilization is low, adding one pad can provide the capacity of seven flights for vertiport, and by reducing the take-off and landing time by thirty seconds, it can provide an average of three flights of capacity for vertiport. It can be seen that the research results are helpful for the estimation of vertiport capacity and provide a modeling idea for operational planning of eVTOL in vertiport.
-
Key words:
- urban air mobiliy /
- vertiport /
- multi-commodity flow model /
- task planning /
- capacity estimation
-
表 1 测试参数值
Table 1. Test parameter values
ctake-off cland t/s tarrive/s tland/s ttake-off/s tturnaround/s ttaxi/s 1/−1 5 200 15 15 15 40 5 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 eVTOL任务规划
Table 2. eVTOL mission scheduling
任务 ai,k/s di,k/s k1 k2 k3 k4 k1 k2 k3 k4 H 0 15 30 45 0 15 70 115 L 0 15 70 115 15 30 85 130 G1 15 85 50 140 G2 30 130 95 165 P 50 95 140 165 55 100 145 170 T 55 100 145 170 70 115 160 185
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 垂直起降机场运行参数
Table 3. Vertiport operation values
15 min CArr/架 15 min CDep/架 TMaxArr/s TMinArr/s TMaxDep/s TMinDep/s 8 4 900 60 630 1 290
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 eVTOL 运行参数
Table 4. eVTOL operation values
ctake-off cland t/s tarrive/s tland/s ttake-off/s tturnaround/s ttaxi/s 1/−1 5 900 60 60 60 300 15
下载: 导出CSV
表 5 功能区利用率
Table 5. Functional area utilization rate
登机口数量 起降坪利用率/% 登机口平均利用率/% 登机口等待率/% 1 27 70 0 2 47 71 15 3 67 60 17 4 87 48 8 5 97 47 23 6 100 53 53
下载: 导出CSV
表 6 不同起降坪数量下的功能区利用率
Table 6. Functional area utilization rate of different pads number
起降坪数量 起降坪平均
利用率/%登机口平均
利用率/%登机口
等待率/%1 57 66 17 2（融合运行） 70 59 0 2（独立运行） 70 59 0
下载: 导出CSV
表 7 缩短起降时长功能区利用率
Table 7. Functional area utilization rate of shorten take-off and land time
登机口数量 起降坪利用率/% 登机口平均利用率/% 登机口等待率/% 1 17 80 10 2 30 72 0 3 43 53 2 4 57 66 17 5 63 68 22 6 70 68 37
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 李诚龙, 屈文秋, 李彦冬, 等. 面向eVTOL航空器的城市空中运输交通管理综述[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2020, 20(4): 35-54.LI C L, QU W Q, LI Y D, et al. Overview of traffic management of urban air mobility (UAM)with eVTOL aircraft[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2020, 20(4): 35-54(in Chinese). [2] 张洪海, 邹依原, 张启钱, 等. 未来城市空中交通管理研究综述[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(7): 75-99.ZHANG H H, ZOU Y Y, ZHANG Q Q, et al. Future urban air mobility management: review[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2021, 42(7): 75-99(in Chinese). [3] 廖小罕, 屈文秋, 徐晨晨, 等. 城市空中交通及其新型基础设施低空公共航路研究综述[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(24): 028521.LIAO X H, QU W Q, XU C C, et al. A review of urban air mobility and its new infrastructure low-altitude public routes[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(24): 028521(in Chinese). [4] LAARMANN L, THOMA A, MISCH P, et al. Automotive safety approach for future eVTOL vehicles[J]. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 2023, 14(2): 369-379. [5] SU P Y, MAHESHWARI C, TUCK V M, et al. Incentive-compatible vertiport reservation in advanced air mobility: an auction-based approach[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2025: 7720-7727. [6] SUZUKI A S, DAO Q V. A flight replanning tool for terminal area urban air mobility operations[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE/AIAA 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2022: 1-7. [7] XIANG S W, YE M X, ZHU S Q, et al. A multi-stage precision landing method for autonomous eVTOL based on multi-marker joint localization[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2023: 1-6. [8] KLEINBEKMAN I C, MITICI M A, WEI P. eVTOL arrival sequencing and scheduling for on-demand urban air mobility[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2018: 1-7. [9] CONRAD C, XU Y, PANDA D, et al. Intelligent vertiport traffic flow management for scalable advanced air mobility operations[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2023: 1-10. [10] PRADEEP P, WEI P. Heuristic approach for arrival management of eVTOLs in on-demand urban air mobility[C]//Proceedings of the IEEE/AIAA 37th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2018: 1-10. [11] PREIS L, HORNUNG M. Vertiport operations modeling, agent-based simulation and parameter value specification[J]. Electronics, 2022, 11(7): 1071. [12] BRUNELLI M, DITTA C C, POSTORINO M N. New infrastructures for Urban Air Mobility systems: a systematic review on vertiport location and capacity[J]. Journal of Air Transport Management, 2023, 112: 102460. [13] PREIS L. Estimating vertiport passenger throughput capacity for prominent eVTOL designs[J]. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 2023, 14(2): 353-368. [14] AHN B, HWANG H Y. Design criteria and accommodating capacity analysis of vertiports for urban air mobility and its application at gimpo airport in Korea[J]. Applied Sciences, 2022, 12(12): 6077. [15] SCHWEIGER K, SCHMITZ R, KNABE F. Impact of wind on eVTOL operations and implications for vertiport airside traffic flows: a case study of hamburg and Munich[J]. Drones, 2023, 7(7): 464. [16] PARK B T, KIM H, KIM S H. Vertiport performance analysis for on-demand urban air mobility operation in Seoul metropolitan area[J]. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2022, 23(5): 1065-1078. [17] NIU C C, RASTOGI P, SOMAN J, et al. Applying quantum computing to solve multicommodity network flow problem[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2025, 26(4): 5094-5101. [18] KHANAL D P, PYAKUREL U, DHAMALA T N. Maximum multicommodity flow with intermediate storage[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021, 2021(1): 5063207. [19] NISHI T, AKIYAMA S, HIGASHI T, et al. Cell-based local search heuristics for guide path design of automated guided vehicle systems with dynamic multicommodity flow[J]. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, 2020, 17(2): 966-980. [20] NARAYAN O, SANIEE I. An analytical solution to the multicommodity network flow problem with weighted random routing[J]. Applied Network Science, 2021, 6(1): 45. [21] LIU J M, GUO Z, YU B. Optimising Gate assignment and taxiway path in a discrete time–space network: integrated model and state analysis[J]. Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics, 2023, 11(1): 1-23. [22] VASCIK P D, HANSMAN R J. Development of vertiport capacity envelopes and analysis of their sensitivity to topological and operational factors[C]//Proceedings of the AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. Reston: AIAA, 2019. [23] 田勇, 付建军, 王艳军. 机场地面容量评估研究[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2006, 38(5): 619-622.TIAN Y, FU J J, WANG Y J. Research on airport ground capacity evaluation[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2006, 38(5): 619-622(in Chinese). -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 643
- HTML全文浏览量: 210
- PDF下载量: 31
- 被引次数: 0
