脉冲星导航试验卫星核心载荷工作性能稳定性分析

闫林丽; 张健康; 周庆勇; 雷耀虎; 樊少娟

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2024.0273

脉冲星导航试验卫星核心载荷工作性能稳定性分析

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2024.0273

闫林丽¹,
张健康¹,
周庆勇^{2, 3, ,},
雷耀虎⁴,
樊少娟¹

1.
安徽建筑大学数理学院，合肥 230601
2.
西安测绘研究所，西安 710054
3.
地理信息工程国家重点实验室，西安 710054
4.
深圳大学物理与光电工程学院光电子器件与系统教育部/广东省重点实验室，深圳 518060

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 (11903001,42004004)；安徽省教育厅中青年教师培养行动项目(YQZD2023053)；安徽建筑大学校博士启动基金项目(2019QDZ14,2019QDZ31)；安徽省高校优秀青年科研项目(2024AH030011)；安徽建筑大学大学生创新创业训练计划(202310878057)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：zjlzqy1986@163.com

中图分类号: V557⁺.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-29
- 录用日期: 2024-06-18
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-20
- 整期出版日期: 2026-06-30

Stability analysis of core payload operational performance on the XPNAV-1 satellite

1.
School of Mathematics and Physics，Anhui Jianzhu University，Hefei 230601，China
2.
Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping，Xi’an 710054，China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Engineering，Xi’an 710054，China
4.
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province，College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering，Shenzhen University，Shenzhen 518060，China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China (11903001,42004004); Youth Teacher Training Program of Anhui Provincial Department of Education (YQZD2023053); Doctor Foundation of Anhui Jianzhu University (2019QDZ14,2019QDZ31); Anhui Province University Excellent Youth Scientific Research Project (2024AH030011)；Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Anhui Jianzhu University (202310878057)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：zjlzqy1986@163.com

摘要

摘要:
中国首颗脉冲星导航试验卫星XPNAV-1的核心载荷为一款结构精密的聚焦型X射线脉冲星望远镜(FXPT)。在发射振动、空间辐射、器件寿命等因素的综合作用下，FXPT的关键性能参数易发生微小漂移，亟须对其在轨性能开展长期监测，为天文计时分析与导航解算提供高精度、高可靠性的性能参数支撑。为监测XPNAV-1卫星FXPT的性能变化，提出了一种融合光子计数率统计分布和脉冲轮廓形状特征的综合分析方法；基于该卫星2016—2019年对Crab脉冲星的在轨观测数据，完成了对FXPT在轨工作稳定性的定量分析。结果表明：FXPT探测获取的Crab脉冲星光子计数率的统计分布近似服从高斯分布；即使存在少量计数率异常时间段，不同时期的脉冲轮廓仍保持较高的相似度。基于FXPT观测建立的计时模型可折叠得到高信噪比脉冲轮廓，其与Jodrell Bank天文台发布的星历所折叠出的脉冲轮廓相似度达99.99%，充分验证了XPNAV-1卫星核心载荷FXPT具有良好的在轨工作稳定性。
- XPNAV-1卫星 /
- X射线脉冲星导航 /
- 计时分析 /
- 聚焦型 X 射线脉冲星望远镜 /
- 稳定性分析
Abstract:
A carefully engineered focusing X-ray pulsar telescope (FXPT) is the main payload of China’s first X-ray pulsar navigation test satellite XPNAV-1. Factors such as launch vibrations, space radiation, and device lifespan can cause slight variations in the performance parameters of the FXPT. Therefore, long-term monitoring of its performance is necessary to provide more reliable observational data for astronomical timing analysis and navigation calculations. To monitor the performance changes of the FXPT on the XPNAV-1 satellite, a comprehensive analysis method combining the statistical distribution of photon count rates and the characteristics of pulse profile shapes was proposed. Using observation data of the Crab pulsar from 2016 to 2019 obtained by the XPNAV-1 satellite, the in-orbit operational stability of the FXPT was analyzed. The results show that the statistical distribution of the Crab pulsar photon count rates obtained by the FXPT approximately follows a Gaussian distribution. Even with a few periods of anomalous count rates, the pulse profile shapes still exhibit high similarity over different periods. High signal-to-noise ratio pulse profiles that are 99.99% comparable to pulse profiles folded using the ephemeris supplied by Jodrell Bank Observatory can be produced by the timing model generated from FXPT data. These results confirm the in-orbit operational stability of XPNAV-1’s core payload, the FXPT.
- XPNAV-1 satellite /
- X-ray pulsar navigation /
- timing analysis /
- focusing X-ray pulsar telescope /
- stability analysis

HTML全文

图 1 XPNAV-1卫星结构^[18]

Figure 1. XPNAV-1 satellite structure^[18]

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图 2 XPNAV-1卫星上FXPT在3个不同时间段内的光子计数率随时间的变化曲线

Figure 2. Temporal variation of photon count rate of FXPT on the XPNAV-1 satellite during three different time periods

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图 3 卫星在2016年12月10日内一段观测时长对应的天球坐标

Figure 3. Celestial coordinates of satellite during a segment of observation on December 10, 2016

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图 4 28个月的观测期中每个月光子计数率的统计分布及其高斯拟合曲线

Figure 4. Statistical distribution of photon count rates for each month during the 28-month observation period along with their Gaussian fitting curves

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图 5 光子计数率统计分布曲线的形状参数随时间的变化

Figure 5. Variation of shape parameters of photon count rate statistical distribution curve over time

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图 6 28个月的观测期中每个月观测的脉冲轮廓

Figure 6. Pulse profiles observed for each month during the 28-month observation period.

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图 7 Crab脉冲星模板轮廓和MJD 58074～58101期间的脉冲轮廓及其比值

Figure 7. Crab pulsar’s template profile and pulse profiles during MJD 58074−58101, and their ratio

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图 8 每月观测脉冲轮廓与模板轮廓的相似度和非脉冲辐射强度

Figure 8. Similarity between monthly observed pulse profiles and the template profile, and non-pulsed radiation intensity

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图 9 Crab脉冲星的计时残差

Figure 9. Timing fit residuals of Crab pulsar

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表 1 XPNAV-1卫星上FXPT的参数指标^[18]

Table 1. Parameters and specifications of FXPT on the XPNAV-1 satellite^[18]

参数	指标
探测元件	SDD
聚焦光学系统	Wolter-I
探测能段/keV	0.5～10
光学视场/(′)	15
1 keV时的有效面积/cm²	3
时间分辨率/μs	≤1.5
5.9 keV处能量分辨率/eV	≤180

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表 2 Jodrell Bank天文台发布的Crab脉冲星星历(MJD 58027～58318)

Table 2. Ephemeris of the Crab pulsar released by the Jodrell Bank Observatory (MJD 58027−58318)

T₁/MJD	T₂/MJD	T_{0, geo}/MJD	F₀/s⁻¹	F₁/10⁻¹⁰ s⁻²	F₂/10⁻²⁰ s⁻³
58027	58058	58042.000000104	29.6374352087644	−3.68636	1.93
58058	58063	58060.000000217	29.6368619250180	−3.68612	6.46
58065	58071	58068.000000228	29.6366215666433	−3.69981	−0.0810
58071	58089	58080.000000333	29.6362370758467	−3.70847	0.294
58088	58120	58104.000000331	29.6354688451327	−3.70141	0.281
58119	58150	58134.000000229	29.6345101986328	−3.69604	0.176
58150	58178	58164.000000327	29.6335526353020	−3.69318	9.27
58178	58209	58194.000000208	29.6325956451232	−3.69147	3.44
58209	58238	58224.000000223	29.6316390101744	−3.69007	3.16
58239	58270	58255.000000322	29.6306508393765	−3.68916	4.60
58270	58300	58285.000000004	29.6296947140166	−3.68847	2.63
58300	58318	58309.000000366	29.6289299031711	−3.68799	7.36
注：[T₁, T₂]为自转参数有效的时间段，用MJD时间表示；T_0,geo为单个射电脉冲到达地心的时间，其整数部分为射电脉冲到达太阳系质心的时间，即各阶自转参数F₀、F₁、F₂对应的时间参考点。

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表 3 Crab脉冲星在MJD 58074～58101期间的计时模型

Table 3. Timing model of Crab pulsar during MJD 58074−58101

参数	数值
t₀/MJD	58080
T₁/MJD	58074
T₂/MJD	58101
F₀/s⁻¹	29.6362370785(64)
F₁/s⁻²	−3.7092(3)×10⁻¹⁰
F₂/s⁻³	4.79(48) ×10⁻¹⁹
均方根值/μs	281.826

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