Design and simulation of large composite material curing oven based on flow field uniformity
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摘要:
大型复合材料固化炉内部的流场均匀性会直接影响热固性树脂基复合材料固化件的固化质量，为提高固化炉内的固化效果，基于计算流体力学(CFD)理论建立包含固化件的大型复合材料固化炉模型，针对固化炉送风方式和送风口数量，以及固化件数量和固化件在炉内空间摆放位置对固化炉内部流场影响进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明：上送下回送风方式在速度场和温度场均匀性上总体优于侧送侧回送风方式；送风口数量为5时，固化炉内速度场和温度场表现更好；随着固化件数量的增多，固化炉内部的空气流速和温度会降低，速度场和温度场均匀性会减弱；当固化件“正三角”布置时，固化炉内速度场和温度场表现优异。试验结果表明：仿真数据和试验数据的最大温度误差为4.2 ℃，误差在合理范围内，证明仿真结果可靠，能够对设计工作提供参考。
Abstract:The uniformity of the flow field inside a large composite material curing oven directly affects the curing quality of thermosetting resin composite parts. To improve the curing effect within the curing oven, this paper establishes a model of a large composite material curing oven including cured parts, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theory. The simulation study focuses on how the curing oven’s internal flow field is affected by the air supply method, the number of air supply inlets, the number of cured pieces, and their spatial layout within the oven. The results indicate that the top supply and bottom return air supply method generally outperforms the side supply and side return air supply method in terms of velocity field uniformity and temperature field uniformity. When the number of air supply inlets is 5, the velocity field and temperature field within the curing oven exhibit better performance. As the number of cured parts increases, the air velocity and temperature inside the curing oven decrease, and the uniformity of the velocity field and temperature field will weaken. The temperature field and velocity field inside the curing oven operate exceptionally well when the cured pieces are positioned in a "triangular" pattern. The experimental results show that the maximum temperature error between simulation data and experimental data is 4.2 ℃, which is within a reasonable range. This proves that the simulation results are reliable and can provide a reference for design work.
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图 2 2种固化炉简化模型示意图
1. 送风口；2. 回风口；3. 固化件。
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of simplified model of two curing ovens
图 3 网格数量与平均温度的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between number of grids and average temperature
图 4 网格数量与温度不均匀系数的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between number of grids and temperature non-uniformity coefficient
图 6 2种不同送风方式在x=5.7 m截面处的速度云图
Figure 6. Velocity cloud map of two different air supply methods at x=5.7 m section
图 7 2种不同送风方式在x=5.7 m截面处的流线图
Figure 7. Flow line diagram of two different air supply methods at x =5.7 m section
图 8 2种不同送风方式在x=5.7 m截面处的温度云图
Figure 8. Temperature cloud map of two different air supply methods at x=5.7 m section
图 10 不同送风方式下平均速度及速度不均匀系数分布曲线
Figure 10. Distribution curves of average velocity and velocity non-uniformity coefficient under different air supply methods
图 11 不同送风方式下平均温度及温度不均匀系数分布曲线
Figure 11. Distribution curves of average temperature and temperature non-uniformity coefficient under different air supply methods
图 12 不同送风口数量在x=5.7 m 截面处的速度云图
Figure 12. Velocity cloud map of different air supply inlets at x =5.7 m section
图 13 不同送风口数量在x=5.7 m 截面处的流线图
Figure 13. Flow line diagram of different air supply inlets at x =5.7 m section
图 14 不同送风口数量在x=5.7 m 截面处的温度云图
Figure 14. Temperature cloud map of different air supply inlets at x =5.7 m section
图 15 不同送风口数量下平均速度及速度不均匀系数分布曲线
Figure 15. Distribution curves of average velocity and velocity non-uniformity coefficient under different number of air supply inlets
图 16 不同送风口数量下平均温度及温度不均匀系数分布曲线
Figure 16. Distribution curves of average temperature and temperature non-uniformity coefficient under different number of air supply inlets
图 20 固化炉外巡检仪和监控电脑
Figure 20. External inspection instrument and monitoring computer for curing oven
图 21 不同固化件数量在x=5.7 m 截面处的速度云图
Figure 21. Velocity cloud map of different cured parts quantity at x=5.7 m section
图 22 不同固化件数量在x=5.7 m 截面处的流线图
Figure 22. Flow line diagram of different cured parts quantity at x=5.7 m section
图 23 不同固化件数量在x=5.7 m 截面处的温度云图
Figure 23. Temperature cloud map of different cured parts quantity at x=5.7 m section
图 24 不同固化件数量下平均速度及速度不均匀系数分布曲线
Figure 24. Distribution curves of average velocity and velocity non-uniformity coefficient under different number of cured pieces
图 25 不同固化件数量下平均温度及温度不均匀系数分布曲线
Figure 25. Distribution curves of average temperature and temperature non-uniformity coefficient under different number of cured pieces
图 27 固化件不同布置方式在x=5.7 m 截面处的速度云图
Figure 27. Velocity cloud map of different arrangements of cured parts at x=5.7 m section
图 28 固化件不同布置方式在x=5.7 m 截面处的流线图
Figure 28. Flow line diagram of different arrangements of cured parts at x =5.7 m section
图 29 固化件不同布置方式在x=5.7 m 截面处的温度云图
Figure 29. Temperature cloud map of different arrangements of cured parts at x =5.7 m section
图 30 不同布置方式下平均速度及速度不均匀系数分布曲线
Figure 30. Distribution curves of average velocity and velocity non-uniformity coefficient under different layout methods
图 31 不同布置方式下平均温度及温度不均匀系数分布曲线
Figure 31. Distribution curves of average temperature and temperature non-uniformity coefficient under different layout methods
表 1 固化炉设计参数
Table 1. Design parameters of curing oven
温度范围/℃ 温度均匀度/℃ 温度波动度/℃ 送风口尺寸/(mm×mm) 回风口尺寸/(mm×mm) 固化件尺寸/(mm×mm) 固化炉尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 室温～250 ±3 ±1 400×400 1180 ×613ϕ800× 5000 8500 ×3500 ×3500 
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表 2 固化炉温度试验值与仿真值对比
Table 2. Comparison between test and simulation values of curing oven temperature
监测点
序号试验值/℃ 仿真值/℃ 误差/℃ 80 ℃ 150 ℃ 220 ℃ 80 ℃ 150 ℃ 220 ℃ 80 ℃ 150 ℃ 220 ℃ A 79.1 148.7 218.2 78.0 147.5 217.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 B 79.0 147.8 221.5 78.8 147.6 218.9 0.2 0.2 2.6 C 79.2 149.1 219.5 78.3 147.5 217.9 0.9 1.6 1.6 D 81.2 152.1 220.2 79.5 147.9 218.0 1.7 4.2 2.2 E 79.0 148.0 217.9 77.5 147.1 217.2 1.5 0.9 0.7 F 79.7 148.3 222.4 78.5 147.2 219.9 1.2 1.1 2.5 G 79.9 149.8 219.8 78.7 147.9 217.5 1.2 1.9 2.3 H 79.7 149.7 220.3 78.2 147.9 217.8 1.5 1.8 2.5 I 78.7 148.2 219.1 79.2 147.3 217.9 0.5 0.9 1.2 J 78.9 148.0 219.5 78.2 147.1 217.5 0.7 0.9 2.0 K 79.8 149.0 218.0 78.7 147.7 219.5 1.1 1.3 1.5 L 80.2 150.0 221.6 79.6 147.8 219.5 0.6 2.2 2.1 M 80.8 151.5 220.3 79.9 149.5 219.3 0.9 2.0 1.0
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