Resilience recovery strategy of airport infrastructure network under rainstorm disasters
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摘要:
为提升暴雨灾害下机场基础设施网络抗灾韧性,考虑机场基础设施功能特征,建立机场基础设施网络拓扑模型,分析机场基础设施复杂网络特性;引入机场节点之间的航班数量和载客量及航线距离构建网络模型服务效率函数,通过节点失效前后网络模型服务效率变化定义机场节点的重要度指标,对网络中的关键节点进行识别;基于韧性三角形理论构建机场基础设施网络韧性恢复模型,研究暴雨灾害下关键机场节点、关键区域机场节点和多区域机场节点失效情景的机场节点恢复次序及最优策略。研究结果表明:所建模型整体结构呈现为小世界网络,表现为高集聚性;对整体网络服务效率影响较大的5个关键机场节点为广州白云机场、北京首都机场、深圳宝安机场、杭州萧山机场和上海虹桥机场;相对于基于重要度和基于节点度的恢复策略而言,基于网络韧性恢复策略的恢复效果最好,如关键节点失效场景下基于节点度和重要度恢复策略的网络韧性值分别为0.889和0.907,而基于网络韧性恢复策略的韧性值为0.915;相对于华北和西南区域机场节点而言,华东区域机场节点失效对机场基础设施网络运行效率的影响更大。
Abstract:To improve the resilience of the airport infrastructure network under rainstorm disaster, the airport infrastructure network topology model is established by considering the functional characteristics of airport infrastructure, and the complex network characteristics of airport infrastructure are analyzed. The service efficiency function of the airport network model is constructed by introducing the number of flights, passenger capacity and route distance between the airport nodes. The relevance index of the airport nodes is determined by comparing the network model service effectiveness before and after the airport node failure in order to identify the important airport nodes in the network. The resilience triangle theory serves as the foundation for the resilience recovery model of the airport infrastructure network, which is designed to investigate the best practices and recovery order for airport nodes in the event of failure for major airport nodes, major regional airport nodes, and multi-regional airport nodes during rainstorm disasters. The results show that the established model is presented as a small-world network, which is characterized by high agglomeration. The five key airport nodes that have a greater impact on the network service efficiency are Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, Beijing Capital Airport, Shenzhen Baoan Airport, Hangzhou Xiaoshan Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao Airport. Compared with the recovery strategy based on importance degree and node degree, the recovery strategy based on network resilience has the best recovery effect, such as the network resilience value based on node degree and importance degree under the key airport nodes failure is 0.889, 0.907, while the resilience value based on the network resilience recovery strategy is 0.915. Compared with the airport nodes in North China and Southwest China, the failure of the airport nodes in East China has a greater impact on the operation efficiency of airport infrastructure network.
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表 1 机场基础设施网络模型节点度值
Table 1. Degree of airport infrastructure network model nodes
名称 度值 相对
中心度绝对接近
中心度相对接近
中心度上海虹桥机场 12 0.7500 14850 873.5294 上海浦东机场 12 0.7500 15180 892.9411 北京首都机场 14 0.8750 18060 1062.3529 北京大兴机场 13 0.8125 16520 971.7647 南京禄口机场 10 0.6250 10810 635.8823 杭州萧山机场 12 0.7500 14540 855.2941 青岛胶东机场 15 0.9375 16410 965.2941 西安咸阳机场 14 0.8750 15570 915.8823 郑州新郑机场 11 0.6875 9940 584.7058 宁波栎社机场 12 0.7500 13360 785.8823 天津滨海机场 11 0.6875 13800 811.7647 长沙黄花机场 15 0.9375 14330 842.9411 广州白云机场 15 0.9375 21120 1242.3529 深圳宝安机场 15 0.9375 22060 1297.6471 重庆江北机场 14 0.8750 17780 1045.8823 成都天府机场 13 0.8125 19740 1161.1764 成都双流机场 14 0.8750 20870 1227.6471 表 2 机场基础设施网络模型节点簇系数
Table 2. Cluster coefficient of airport infrastructure network model nodes
序号 名称 簇系数 最大连边数目 1 南京禄口机场 0.8667 45 2 郑州新郑机场 0.8182 55 3 西安咸阳机场 0.8132 91 4 青岛胶东机场 0.8095 105 5 长沙黄花机场 0.8095 105 6 北京大兴机场 0.8077 78 7 上海虹桥机场 0.8030 66 8 上海浦东机场 0.8030 66 9 杭州萧山机场 0.8030 66 10 宁波栎社机场 0.8030 66 11 北京首都机场 0.8021 91 12 天津滨海机场 0.8000 55 13 广州白云机场 0.7714 105 14 深圳宝安机场 0.7714 105 15 重庆江北机场 0.7692 91 16 成都双流机场 0.7692 91 17 成都天府机场 0.7436 78 表 3 机场网络节点OD数据
Table 3. Airport network nodes OD data
名称 代码 O点流量/人次 D点流量/人次 流量/人次 上海虹桥机场 SHA 91812 91596 183408 上海浦东机场 PVG 42226 39481 81707 北京首都机场 PEK 127805 123568 251373 北京大兴机场 PKX 67271 70381 137652 南京禄口机场 NKG 39586 36925 76511 杭州萧山机场 HGH 81077 74682 155759 青岛胶东机场 TAO 32141 33335 65476 西安咸阳机场 XIY 52614 52288 104902 郑州新郑机场 CGO 25025 25002 50027 宁波栎社机场 NGB 25268 23178 48446 天津滨海机场 TSN 34663 34155 68818 长沙黄花机场 CSX 40089 39899 79988 广州白云机场 CAN 131702 135657 267359 深圳宝安机场 SZX 112395 109381 221776 重庆江北机场 CKG 74002 84562 126559 成都天府机场 TFU 52557 52226 104783 成都双流机场 CTU 66634 70551 137185 表 4 机场网络模型节点服务效率重要度
Table 4. Service efficiency importance index of airport network model nodes
失效机场 RS,ij累加 RS,i(G) RNS,i(G) Ki CAN 1337029.39 4915.54 0.0428 0.2483 CGO 1684489.03 6192.97 0.0540 0.0530 CKG 1538350.62 5655.70 0.0493 0.1351 CSX 1621535.94 5961.52 0.0520 0.0884 CTU 1593199.06 5857.34 0.0511 0.1043 HGH 1463290.30 5379.74 0.0469 0.1773 NGB 1708344.63 6280.67 0.0548 0.0396 NKG 1653440.54 6078.82 0.0530 0.0704 PEK 1408342.38 5177.72 0.0451 0.2082 PKX 1572915.73 5782.77 0.0504 0.1157 PVG 1654288.49 6081.94 0.0530 0.0700 SHA 1476945.43 5429.94 0.0473 0.1697 SZX 1463005.85 5378.69 0.0469 0.1775 TAO 1625955.02 5977.77 0.0521 0.0859 TFU 1634953.36 6010.85 0.0524 0.0808 TSN 1669315.09 6137.18 0.0535 0.0615 XIY 1592644.72 5855.31 0.0510 0.1046 表 5 不同指标下的节点重要性排序表
Table 5. Airport nodes importance ranking under different indicators
排序 节点 点度中心性 接近中心性 簇系数 OD流量 服务效率重要度 1 TAO SZX NKG CAN CAN 2 CSX CAN CGO PEK PEK 3 CAN CTU XIY SZX SZX 4 SZX TFU TAO SHA HGH 5 PEK PEK CSX HGH SHA 表 6 降雨强度判定标准
Table 6. Rainfall intensity determination standard
降雨等级 24 h内累计降雨量/mm 小雨 <10 中雨 10~24.9 大雨 25~49.9 暴雨 ≥50 大暴雨 ≥100 表 7 网络中各区域机场节点雨水数据
Table 7. Rainwater data of airport nodes in each region
区域划分 机场节点 节点代码 24 h最大降
雨量/mm一周降
雨量/mm区域节点
总降雨量/mm华东地区 上海虹桥机场 SHA 25.38 53.36 356.39 上海浦东机场 PVG 26.77 66.23 南京禄口机场 NKG 16.24 54.35 杭州萧山机场 HGH 25.16 54.96 青岛胶东机场 TAO 17.48 37.54 宁波栎社机场 NGB 35.00 89.95 华北地区 北京首都机场 PEK 78.16 125.31 372.00 北京大兴机场 PKX 92.21 151.46 天津滨海机场 TSN 40.86 95.23 华中地区 郑州新郑机场 CGO 24.15 41.27 63.35 长沙黄花机场 CSX 11.30 22.08 华南地区 广州白云机场 CAN 42.15 63.02 112.18 深圳宝安机场 SZX 37.18 49.16 西南地区 重庆江北机场 CKG 14.09 57.69 437.77 成都天府机场 TFU 142.86 271.55 成都双流机场 CTU 53.63 108.53 西北地区 西安咸阳机场 XIY 29.82 39.23 39.23 表 8 失效关键节点信息表
Table 8. Information of failed key airport nodes
序号 机场节点 机场等级 度值 流量/人次 重要度 1 上海虹桥机场 枢纽机场 12 183408 0.1697 3 北京首都机场 枢纽机场 14 251373 0.2083 6 杭州萧山机场 干线机场 12 155759 0.1773 13 广州白云机场 干线机场 15 267359 0.2484 14 深圳宝安机场 枢纽机场 15 221776 0.1776 表 9 3种恢复策略下机场节点恢复次序表
Table 9. Airport nodes recovery sequence of three recovery strategies
恢复策略 机场节点恢复次序 韧性值 基于节点度的优先恢复 CAN→SZX→PEK→
SHA→HGH0.889 基于重要度的优先恢复 CAN→PEK→SZX→
HGH→SHA0.907 基于网络韧性的优先恢复 PEK→CAN→SZX→
HGH→SHA0.915 表 10 华东地区失效机场节点信息
Table 10. Information of failed airport nodes in East China
序号 机场节点 机场等级 度值 流量/人次 重要度 1 上海虹桥机场 枢纽机场 12 183408 0.1697 2 上海浦东机场 枢纽机场 12 81707 0.0700 5 南京禄口机场 干线机场 10 76511 0.0705 6 杭州萧山机场 干线机场 12 155759 0.1773 7 青岛胶东机场 干线机场 15 65476 0.0860 10 宁波栎社机场 干线机场 12 48446 0.0396 表 11 华东地区机场失效下3种恢复策略下机场节点恢复次序表
Table 11. Airport nodes recovery sequence of three recovery strategies after East China airports failure
恢复策略 机场节点恢复次序 韧性值 基于节点度的优先恢复 TAO→SHA→PVG→
HGH→NGB→NKG0.871 基于重要度的优先恢复 HGH→SHA→TAO→
NKG→PVG→NGB0.878 基于网络韧性的优先恢复 PVG→HGH→NKG→
SHA→NGB→TAO0.889 表 12 华北地区和西南地区失效节点信息
Table 12. Information of failed airport nodes in North China and Southwest China
序号 机场节点 机场等级 度值 流量/人次 重要度 3 北京首都机场 枢纽机场 14 251373 0.2083 4 北京大兴机场 枢纽机场 13 137652 0.1158 11 天津滨海机场 枢纽机场 11 68818 0.0616 15 重庆江北机场 枢纽机场 14 126559 0.1352 16 成都天府机场 枢纽机场 13 104783 0.0809 17 成都双流机场 枢纽机场 14 137185 0.1044 表 13 多区域机场失效下3种恢复策略下机场节点恢复次序表
Table 13. Airport nodes recovery sequence of three recovery strategies after multi-area airports failure
恢复策略 机场节点恢复次序 韧性值 基于节点度的优先恢复 PEK→CKG→CTU→
PKX→TFU→TSN0.838 基于重要度
的优先恢复PEK→CKG→PKX→
CTU→TFU→TSN0.831 基于网络韧性
的优先恢复PEK→CKG→CTU→
TFU→TSN→PKX0.854 -
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