Progress in the investigation of electro-thermal coupled catastrophic mechanisms in lithium-ion battery modules
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摘要:
锂离子电池的热灾害问题一直是其应用过程中重大安全威胁之一。锂离子电池系统热灾害存在界面热稳定性衰退、单体电池内短路热失控、模组乃至系统热扩散的灾变逻辑过程。电与热交互的耦合灾变则既是表征锂离子电池系统热灾害逻辑的重要维度，又是治理锂离子电池系统热灾害的关键突破口。针对锂离子电池系统长周期、多尺度下的电热耦合灾变问题，归纳总结了单体电池固体电解质界面(SEI)膜分解阶段、隔膜融化阶段，以及模组热扩散阶段蕴含的自产热、焦耳热及热传导等热行为对电行为的作用机制，梳理了过充、过放及老化等电行为在上述阶段的产热及传热行为，概括了单体及模组最具代表性的电-热耦合模型。从微观与宏观多角度探索电热行为的联动机制，并对未来锂离子电池模组电热耦合领域进行了展望，旨在为锂离子电池模组的设计与运维提供参考。
Abstract:In the many applications of lithium-ion batteries, the problem of thermal failure presents a significant safety risk. This failure is characterized by a sequence of events: the degradation of interface thermal stability, the onset of thermal runaway triggered by internal short circuits within a cell, and the subsequent thermal propagation at both the module and system levels. The coupled electro-thermal catastrophe serves as both a critical dimension in characterizing the thermal failure logic of lithium-ion battery systems and a key breakthrough in managing these thermal failures. This paper provides a thorough analysis of the thermal behaviors, such as self-generated heat, Joule heating, and heat conduction, that affect electrical behaviors during the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer decomposition of a single cell, the separator melting, and heat propagation at the module level for electro-thermal coupling catastrophe in lithium-ion battery systems over long cycles and across multiple scales. The heat generation and heat transfer behaviors associated with electrical phenomena are also analyzed, such as overcharging, overdischarging and battery aging. The paper also reviews the most prominent electro-thermal coupling models for both individual cells and modules, providing a synthesis of the mechanisms that govern the electro-thermal interactions in lithium-ion batteries. By exploring these interactions from both microscopic and macroscopic viewpoints, the study aims to shed light on the future advancements in the management of electro-thermal coupling in battery modules. The goal of this research is to improve the safety and dependability of lithium-ion battery systems through design, operation, and maintenance.
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图 1 滥用热及自产热阶段电行为变化
Figure 1. Changes in electrical behavior during heat abuse and self-generated heat stages
图 2 热滥用与充放电倍率耦合作用下的电化热占比
Figure 2. Electrochemical heat share for thermal abuse coupled with charge/discharge multiplicity
图 3 焦耳热及氧化还原热阶段电行为变化
Figure 3. Changes in electrical behavior during the Joule heat and redox heat stages
图 4 过充、过放及内短路的产热行为及机理
Figure 4. Heat generation behavior and mechanism of overcharge, overdischarge and internal short circuit
图 6 老化、过充及内短路的传热行为
Figure 6. Heat transfer behavior of aging, overcharging and internal short circuit
图 7 锂离子电池电-热耦合基础模型
Figure 7. Basic model of electro-thermal coupling in lithium-ion battery
表 1 过充、过放及充放电倍率产热行为的研究情况
Table 1. Research on thermal behavior of overcharging, overdischarging and charge/discharge rates
文献 型号 电行为 充放电倍率/ C 截止电压/容量/ V 温升/℃ Wang等[30] NCM523 过充 0.5 5.292 19.80 Liu等[31] LiMn2O4 过充 0.5 5.184 17.92 Zhang等[32] LFP 过充 0.5 5.218 18.15 Ouyang等[28] LiCoO2 过放 1.0 0.200 9.30 Ouyang等[33] NCM523 过放 1.0 0.200 6.70 Wang等[34] NCM523 放电 0.5 2.750 3.30 Liu等[35] LiCoO2 放电 1.0 4.450 16.50 Panchal等[36] LFP 放电 3.0 2.000 16.80 Dong等[37] NCM523 充电 3.0 4.200 15.00 
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