仿生沟槽减阻研究现状与进展

王巍; 崔申奥; 陈家华; 赵浩翔; 张震

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2024.0898

仿生沟槽减阻研究现状与进展

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2024.0898

王巍^{1, 2, ,},
崔申奥¹,
陈家华¹,
赵浩翔¹,
张震¹

1.
沈阳航空航天大学民用航空学院，沈阳 110136
2.
辽宁通用航空研究院，沈阳 110136

基金项目:

航空科学基金(2020Z006054002)；辽宁省自然科学基金(2023-MS-243)；辽宁省教育厅项目(20240109)

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：wangwei7832@163.com

中图分类号: Q811；O355
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-12-19
- 录用日期: 2025-02-14
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-10
- 整期出版日期: 2026-10-01

Research status and progress of bionic groove drag reduction

1.
School of Civil Aviation，Shenyang Aerospace University，Shenyang 110136，China
2.
Liaoning General Aviation Academy，Shenyang 110136，China

Funds:

Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (2020Z006054002); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (2023-MS-243) ; Project of the Education Department of Liaoning Province (20240109)

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: wangwei7832@163.com

摘要

摘要:
基于鲨鱼皮脊状结构的沟槽减阻技术具有简单易行、能源消耗率低等优点，受到科学家广泛关注和研究，在海洋船舶、航空航天、管道运输等领域展现出巨大潜力。基于此，对近20年来仿生沟槽减阻技术的研究现状与进展进行梳理。综述3种被广泛认可的减阻机理，补充其他减阻机理；归纳总结沟槽的布置方式及位置、无量纲尺寸、偏航角等对减阻性能的影响，进而对沟槽形状减阻设计与优化及加工工艺的研究现状进行综述；简述仿生沟槽在多个领域中的实际应用，对仿生沟槽减阻的研究进行总结与展望。
- 仿生沟槽 /
- 减阻机理 /
- 鲨鱼表面 /
- 减阻率 /
- 湍流
Abstract:
The groove drag reduction technology based on the shark skin ridge structure has been widely concerned and studied by scientists because of its simple and easy operation and low energy consumption rate. It has shown great potential in marine ships, aerospace, pipeline transportation and other fields. The state of research and advancements in bionic groove drag reduction technologies during the previous two decades are examined. Firstly, three widely recognized drag reduction mechanisms are reviewed and other drag reduction mechanisms are supplemented. The design and optimization of the groove shape drag reduction as well as the current state of processing technology research are then discussed, along with a summary of the effects of the groove’s position and arrangement, dimensionless size, and yaw angle on the drag reduction performance. Finally, the practical application of bionic grooves in many fields is briefly described, and the research on drag reduction of bionic grooves is summarized and prospected.
- bionic groove /
- drag reduction mechanism /
- shark surface /
- drag reduction rate /
- turbulent flow

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图 1 沟槽减阻机理

Figure 1. Drag reduction mechanism of groove

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图 2 仿生沟槽减阻研究路线

Figure 2. Bionic groove drag reduction research roadmap

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图 3 鲨鱼皮脊状结构^[32]

Figure 3. Shark skin ridge structure^[32]

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图 4 二维沟槽^[5]

Figure 4. Two-dimensional groove^[5]

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图 5 海豚真皮嵴结构^[42]

Figure 5. Dolphin dermal ridge structure^[42]

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图 6 发散与收敛沟槽

Figure 6. Convergence and divergence grooves

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图 7 来流速度为12 m/s时翼型涡量云图^[48]

Figure 7. Vorticity contours for the airfoil at a freestream velocity of 12 m/s^[48]

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图 8 不同宽高比沟槽内部流线形状^[59]

Figure 8. Internal streamline shapes of grooves with different aspect ratios^[59]

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图 9 不同沟槽间距对流向涡的抬升程度^[66]

Figure 9. Lifting degree of different groove spacing on streamwise vortex^[66]

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图 10 几何参数h/s≈0.62时不同偏航角下V形沟槽的减阻率^[5]

Figure 10. Drag reduction rate of V-groove under different yaw angles when geometric parameter h/s≈0.62^[5]

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图 11 不同偏航角下压力系数分布^[70]

Figure 11. Pressure coefficient distribution under different yaw angles^[70]

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图 12 沟槽应用

Figure 12. Groove application

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表 1 二维仿生沟槽减阻对比

Table 1. Comparison of two-dimensional bionic groove drag reduction

形状	创新点	减阻差异	参考文献
	根据羽毛表面的不对称微结构，设计出类羽毛结构的梯形沟槽	在30～75 m/s速度范围内，最大减阻率为19%	[73]
	根据虎鲸皮脊状结构，利用数值计算软件生成的仿生沟槽	在2～12 m/s的低速范围内，总减阻率为9.63%	[74]
	根据新月形沙丘提出的沟槽表面	在10～30 m/s速度范围，可降低33.63%的摩擦阻力	[75]
	在Ｖ型沟槽顶部两侧增加小尺度三角形突起	最大减阻率为8.07％，可提高3.47%的减阻率	[76]
	通过增加二级沟槽提高了“二次涡”的复杂程度	最大减阻率可达18.76%，减阻率提高5.15%	[77]

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表 2 三维仿生沟槽减阻对比

Table 2. Comparison of three-dimensional bionic groove drag reduction

形状	创新点	减阻差异	参考文献
	仿比目鱼鳞片沟槽，可实现双向减阻	正向流动可降低19%表面摩擦阻力，反向流动减阻率为4.2%	[78]
	简化三维鲨鱼皮脊状结构	当入口速度为5 m/s时，减阻率可达17.86％	[79]
	三维脊状结构增加二级沟槽	最大减阻率为10.3%	[80]
	仿泥鳅鳞片	低速减阻率为9.42%～ 17.25%，且具有疏水性	[81]

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表 3 加工制造方式优缺点

Table 3. Advantages and disadvantages of manufacturing methods

制造方式	优点	缺点
增材制造	设计自由度、精度较高，是实验室原型开发和小批量高性能部件制造的理想选择，尤其适用于复杂三维沟槽	耐久性与环境适应性限制了大规模推广
减材制造	适用于金属材料高精度、高强度需求场景，而且加工效率高，适合大规模生产	难以加工三维沟槽，仅适合规则形状
等材制造	适合规则沟槽的大规模生产，滚压工艺可实现沟槽表面强化与耐久性提升，且材料利用率极高，接近100%	沟槽参数改变需更换模具，复杂沟槽需定制高精度滚压轮，经济性低

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