宽温域超弹性形状记忆合金设计优化研究进展

钱明芳; 尹钊; 王桂松; 张学习; 耿林

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2025.0565

宽温域超弹性形状记忆合金设计优化研究进展

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2025.0565

钱明芳^{1, 2},
尹钊¹,
王桂松¹,
张学习^{1, 3, ,},
耿林^{1, 3, 4}

1.
哈尔滨工业大学材料科学与工程学院，哈尔滨 150001
2.
哈尔滨工业大学材料结构精密焊接与连接全国重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001
3.
哈尔滨工业大学金属精密热加工国家级重点实验室，哈尔滨 150001
4.
哈尔滨工业大学苏州研究院，苏州 215104

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3805701)；国家自然科学基金(52371182,51701052)；黑龙江省自然科学基金(YQ2024E014)；黑龙江省头雁创新团队项目

详细信息

通讯作者:
E-mail：xxzhang@hit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TB31；TB34；TB381
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2025-08-13
- 录用日期: 2025-10-24
- 网络出版日期: 2025-10-30
- 整期出版日期: 2026-10-01

Progress in design and optimization of wide-temperature-range superelastic shape memory alloys

QIAN Mingfang^{1, 2},
YIN Zhao¹,
WANG Guisong¹,
ZHANG Xuexi^{1, 3
, ,},
GENG Lin^{1, 3, 4}

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding and Joining of Materials and Structures，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Metal Precision Hot Processing，Harbin Institute of Technology，Harbin 150001，China
4.
Suzhou Research Institute，Harbin Institute of Technology，Suzhou 215104，China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3805701); National Natural Science Foundation of China (52371182,51701052); Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (YQ2024E014); Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail：xxzhang@hit.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
超弹性是形状记忆合金最重要的功能特性之一，其本质来源于应力诱导的可逆热弹性马氏体相变。超弹性温度窗口主要受合金化学成分与微观组织结构的协同影响。为此，系统回顾了近10年来具有宽温域超弹性特性的多类形状记忆合金体系的发展现状，重点比较了不同合金在超弹性温度窗口、可恢复应变大小及临界应力对温度的依赖性等关键性能参数方面的差异与特点。通过对比分析，为新型宽温域超弹性形状记忆合金的设计、制备与工程应用提供了理论支持与实践参考，并对该领域未来的发展方向进行了展望。
- 形状记忆合金 /
- 超弹性 /
- 宽温域 /
- 马氏体相变 /
- 组织调控
Abstract:
Superelasticity is one of the most important functional characteristics of shape memory alloys, which essentially originates from stress-induced reversible thermoelastic martensitic transformation. The superelastic working temperature range is mainly influenced by the synergistic effect of alloy chemical composition and microstructure. The development status of several shape memory alloy systems with broad temperature range superelastic properties over the last ten years is methodically reviewed in this article, with an emphasis on contrasting the features and variations of various alloys in important performance parameters like recoverable strain, temperature dependence of critical stress, and superelastic temperature window. This article uses comparative analysis to support the design, preparation, and engineering application of novel wide-temperature-range superelastic shape memory alloys theoretically and practically, as well as to offer opportunities for the field's future development.
- shape memory alloy /
- superelasticity /
- wide temperature range /
- martensitic transformation /
- microstructure regulation

HTML全文

图 1 温度-应力空间中形状记忆效应和超弹性区域示意图（根据文献[21]修正）

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of shape memory effect and superelastic region in temperature-stress space (modified based on Ref. [21])

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图 2 固溶态多晶合金在不同温度下的压缩应力-应变曲线

Figure 2. Compressive stress-strain curves of solid solution polycrystalline alloys at different temperatures

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图 3 不同合金的拉伸应力-应变曲线

Figure 3. Tensile stress-strain curves of different alloys

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图 4 DS-STG状态Ni_50.8Ti_49.2合金的制备工艺、性能、组织图^[53]

Figure 4. Preparation process, properties, and microstructure of Ni_50.8Ti_49.2 alloy in DS-STG state^[53]

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图 5 多晶Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5合金的拉伸应力-应变曲线^[60]

Figure 5. Tensile stress-strain curves of polycrystalline Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5 alloy^[60]

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图 6 Fe₄₂Mn₃₄Al_13.5Cr₃Ni_7.5单晶的压缩应力-应变曲线^[19]

Figure 6. Compression stress-strain curves of Fe₄₂Mn₃₄Al_13.5Cr₃Ni_7.5 single crystal^[19]

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图 7 [1 0 0]取向Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5单晶的超弹性响应及加载后的显微组织^[64]

Figure 7. Superelastic response and post-loading microstructures of a [1 0 0]-oriented Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5 single crystal^[64]

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图 8 Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5单晶沿不同晶向的压缩超弹性性能^[66]

Figure 8. Compressive superelastic properties of Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5 single crystal along different crystal orientations^[66]

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图 9 不同温度下合金的拉伸应力-应变曲线^[8]

Figure 9. Tensile stress-strain curves of alloys at different temperatures^[8]

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图 10 不同温度下合金的压缩应力-应变曲线

Figure 10. Compressive stress-strain curves of alloys at different temperatures

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表 1 宽温域超弹性Ni-Ti基SMA性能参数

Table 1. Performance parameters of wide temperature range superelastic Ni-Ti based SMA

成分	超弹性温区/K	可逆应变/%	$ \dfrac{\mathrm{d} \sigma_{\mathrm{c}}}{ \mathrm{d} T } \bigg/$（MPa·K⁻¹）	加载方式	状态	参考文献
Ni_51.89Ti_48.11	40～220	3.0～4.0	−8.77/2.11	压缩	S/STG	[32]
Ni_51.8Ti_48.2	40～180	2.0～2.5	−2.71/2.50	压缩	S/STG	[33]
Ni_51.63Ti_48.37	70～160	～2.0	1.00	压缩	S/STG	[32]
Ni_51.54Ti_48.46	80～280	～2.0	3.95	压缩	S/STG	[32]
Ni_50.8Ti_49.2	123～323	3.5～4.0		拉伸	CD/STG	[16]
Ni_50.8Ti_49.2	4.2～475	2.5～5.0		拉伸	CD/STG	[47]
Ni_50.8Ti_49.2	119～329	4.0～6.0		拉伸	CD/STG	[51]
Ni_50.8Ti_49.2	123～423	4.8～8.6		拉伸	CD/STG	[53]
Ni_50.6Ti_49.4	25～300	1.75～2.2		拉伸	NG/STG	[17]
Ni₅₀Ti₅₀	93～453	4.0～6.0		拉伸	CD/STG	[52]
Ti_49.2Ni_44.8Co₆	123～223	～4.0	3.17	拉伸	CD/NG	[48]
Ti_47.6Ni_42.4Cu₁₀	70～200	～1.5	−3.25/1.96	压缩	S	[34]
Ni_49.4Ti_48.1Sn_2.5	113～298	3.6～5.0		压缩	S/STG	[39]
Ni_49.4Ti_47.6Sn₃	83～298	～5.5		压缩	S/STG	[39]
NiTiNb	77～333	～5.0	−2.39/3.19	拉伸	CD/NG	[49]
Ni_50.2Ti_49.8/ Ni₄₆Ti₄₇Nb₃Fe₄	77～413	3.0～4.0	0.24/2.93	拉伸	CD/NG/CO	[50]
注：S表示固溶态，CD表示冷变形，NG表示纳米晶，CO表示复合材料。

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表 2 宽温域超弹性Fe基SMA性能参数

Table 2. Performance parameters of wide temperature range superelastic Fe-based SMA

成分	超弹性温区/K	可逆应变/%	$\dfrac{\mathrm{d} \sigma_{\mathrm{c}}}{ \mathrm{d} T }\bigg/ $（MPa·K⁻¹）	加载方式	状态	参考文献
Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5	223～423	～5.5	0.530	拉伸	PG	[60]
Fe₄₂Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5Ti_1.5	123～293	～1.5	0.340	压缩	SG	[61]
Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5	10～300	～1.3	0.510	压缩	SG	[19]
Fe₄₂Mn₃₄Al_13.5Cr₃Ni_7.5	10～473	1.1～2.3	0.085	压缩	SG	[19]
Fe₄₁Mn₃₄Al_12.5Cr₅Ni_7.5	10～300	1.2～1.4	−0.370	压缩	SG	[19]
Fe₃₈Mn₃₆Al₁₁Cr_7.5Ni_7.5	10～293	～1.2	−0.860	压缩	SG	[19]
Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5	193～433	1.7～2.0	0.540	拉伸 [1 0 0]	SG	[64]
Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5	193～433	1.5～2.0	0.410	压缩 [1 0 0]	SG	[64]
Fe_43.5Mn₃₄Al₁₅Ni_7.5	193～433	1.8～2.0	0.580	压缩 [1 2 3]	SG	[66]
Fe_68.8Pd_31.2	240～350	0.6～3.7		压缩 [0 0 1]	SG	[69]
注：PG表示多晶，SG表示单晶。

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表 3 宽温域超弹性Cu基SMA性能参数

Table 3. Performance parameters of wide temperature range superelastic Cu-based SMAs

成分	超弹性温区/K	可逆应变/%	$\dfrac{\mathrm{d} \sigma_{\mathrm{c}}}{ \mathrm{d} T }\bigg/ $（MPa·K⁻¹）	加载方式	状态	参考文献
Cu_70.6Al_17.5Mn_11.9	215～393	～10.0	1.86	拉伸	CG	[8]
Cu_68.8Al_17.9Mn_13.3	77～353	6.0～10.0	2.00	拉伸	CG	[8]
Cu₆₈Al₁₇Mn₁₅	77～223	0.8～1.3	2.23	拉伸	BG	[72]
Cu₆₈Al₁₇Mn₁₅	4.2～160	～2.0	2.05	拉伸	SG	[10]
Cu_71.1Al_17.2Mn_11.7	223～313	～8.0	2.92	拉伸	BG	[9]
注：BG表示竹节晶织构，CG表示粗晶，SG表示单晶。

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表 4 其他宽温域超弹性SMA性能参数

Table 4. Performance parameters of other wide temperature range superelastic SMA

成分	超弹性温区/K	可逆应变/%	$\dfrac{\mathrm{d} \sigma_{\mathrm{c}}}{ \mathrm{d} T }\bigg/ $（MPa·K⁻¹）	加载方式	状态	参考文献
Ni₄₅Co₅Mn₃₆In₁₄	4.2～200	～2.0	−0.83	压缩	SG	[74]
Co₅₁Cr₂₇Ga₁₁Si₁₁	198～298	～3.5	−3.18	压缩	SG	[75]
Co_55.7Cr_23.3Al_10.5Si_10.5	198～423	～2.5	−1.12/1.09	压缩 [0 0 1]	SG	[76]
Ni₃₅Co₂₀Fe₁₈Ga₂₇	123～423	～11.0		拉伸	SG	[77]
Mg_78.7Sc_21.3	123～298	～1.0		拉伸	STG	[14]
Ti_75.25Al₂₀Cr_4.75	4.2～400	～5.7	−2.13/2.49	拉伸	SG	[78]
注：SG表示单晶。

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