Airborne fault injection system for airworthiness compliance of civil aircraft flight control systems
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摘要:
面对民机飞控系统适航符合性对于故障模拟试飞的必要性要求与空中注入故障引起的安全性风险之间的矛盾，提出一种满足民机飞控系统适航符合性验证要求的全部飞控系统故障模式的试飞故障注入系统，该系统经过充分试飞验证，并支持某型民机适航取证。所提故障注入系统的核心是基于简洁化、多模式的人机交互故障注入测试面板、飞行测试设备数据中枢及驻留于飞控计算机的故障注入控制触发程序，其保证了故障模拟的真实性与兼容性；同时，通过多种非相似的故障激励切除方式、故障激励限幅与监控机制，实现异常工况的可靠切断处理，经仿真，所提故障注入系统显著提升了系统安全性和故障容忍能力；此外，提出针对典型飞控系统故障的试飞模拟方案。通过装机试飞验证，对所提方案的可行性进行了验证。
Abstract:To address the contradiction between the necessity of fault simulation flight testing for airworthiness compliance of civil aircraft flight control systems and the safety risks caused by fault injection in flight, this paper proposes a flight test fault injection system capable of covering all flight control system failure modes to meet airworthiness verification requirements. The system has undergone extensive flight validation and supports airworthiness certification for a specific civil aircraft model. A data hub for flight test equipment, a fault injection control trigger program integrated into the flight control computer, and a simplified, multi-mode human-machine interface testing panel comprise the core of the fault injection system, which ensures the compatibility and authenticity of fault simulations. In addition, the system accomplishes dependable handling of abnormal operating situations through a variety of distinct fault excitation cutoff methods, amplitude limiting mechanisms, and monitoring protocols, thereby considerably improving safety and fault tolerance. Furthermore, a flight test simulation strategy targeting typical flight control system failures is presented. The feasibility of the proposed approach is ultimately verified through in-flight testing with onboard implementation.
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图 1 典型电传飞行控制系统架构示意图
Figure 1. Typical architecture diagram of a fly-by-wire flight control system
图 2 本文飞控系统故障注入系统原理示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the fault injection system principle for flight control systems
图 3 飞控故障注入系统可用性FTA仿真结果(以副翼控制丧失为例)
Figure 3. Flight control fault injection system availability FTA simulation results (taking loss of both aileron as an example)
图 4 飞控故障注入系统完整性FTA仿真结果(以单侧副翼急偏为例)
Figure 4. Flight control fault injection system integrity FTA simulation results(taking single aileron hardover as an example)
图 5 操纵面卡阻故障模拟方法示意图
Figure 5. Scheme diagram of control surface jamming fault simulation method
图 7 迎角传感器测量误差模拟方案示意图
Figure 7. Simulation schematic of angle-of-attack sensor measurement error
图 8 飞控系统单侧升降舵卡阻故障试飞验证结果曲线
Figure 8. Curves of flight test verification results for flight control system with a single-side elevator jam failure
图 9 飞控系统模拟双液压源失效故障试飞验证结果曲线
Figure 9. Curves of flight test verification results for flight control system with a dual hydraulic failure
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