Design and verification of piezoelectric actuation system for compressor active flow control system
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摘要:
为提升航空发动机压气机主动流量控制(AFC)系统的执行性能，设计了可在压气机匣部署的双叠堆放大式压电作动器，基于热压电本构方程和广义哈密顿原理，建立了考虑工况条件和预紧力的多场耦合动力学模型，并配套设计了完整功能的作动器上下游装置，搭建了作动系统样机和硬件在环性能验证平台。搭建的试验平台可模拟0.1～0.5 MPa、最高80 ℃的压气机引气环境。通过性能验证平台测试，压电作动器在0.3 MPa、55 ℃和0.5 MPa、80 ℃工况下，1～200 Hz混频信号作动试验数据与模型数据的平均误差分别为2.5%和4.1%，最大误差分别为4.3%和7.1%，验证了模型准确性。在AFC喷射气流测试中，系统最快可在2.5 ms内达到峰值流量59.6 g/s，同时验证了压电作动系统的高频响特性及AFC系统在提升压气机性能方面的实用价值。
Abstract:A dual-stack amplified piezoelectric actuator that can be deployed inside the compressor casing was devised to improve the performance of the active flow control (AFC) system for aero-engine compressors. A multi-field coupled dynamic model accounting for operational conditions and preload forces was established based on the thermopiezoelectric constitutive equations and the generalized Hamilton’s principle. Supporting upstream and downstream components for the actuator were designed, culminating in the fabrication of a functional actuator prototype and a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) performance verification platform. The test platform simulated compressor bleed environments with pressures of 0.1-0.5 MPa and temperatures up to 80 °C. The accuracy of the model was validated by experimental results showing that, under 1-200 Hz mixed-frequency signals, the average tracking errors between the test data and model predictions for the piezoelectric actuator were 2.5% and 4.1% at working conditions of 0.3 MPa, 55 °C and 0.5 MPa, 80 °C, respectively, with maximum errors of 4.3% and 7.1%. In AFC injection flow tests, the system achieved a peak flow rate of 59.6 g/s within 2.5 ms, confirming the high-frequency response characteristics of the piezoelectric actuation system and demonstrating the practical value of the AFC system in enhancing compressor performance.
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图 2 压气机进气端AFC部署示意
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of AFC deployment at the compressor inlet end
图 3 不同截面压电片输出应力分析
Figure 3. Output stress analysis of piezoelectric sheets with different cross sections
图 5 双叠堆菱形放大压电作动器结构示意
Figure 5. Double-stacked diamond-shaped amplified piezoelectric actuator structure diagram
图 6 压电叠堆与外部机构等效力分析
Figure 6. Equivalent force diagram of piezoelectric stack and external mechanism
图 7 AFC半物理仿真及性能验证平台三维图
Figure 7. AFC semi-physical simulation and performance verification platform structure model
图 10 单频信号下作动器开环迟滞特性
Figure 10. Open-loop hysteresis characteristics of actuator under single-frequency signal
图 11 典型工况下1～200 Hz混频信号作动输出
Figure 11. 1-200 Hz mixed frequency signal actuation output under typical working conditions
图 12 2种工况喷口平均流速与阀芯位移仿真曲线
Figure 12. Simulation curves of average nozzle flow rate and valve core displacement under two working conditions
图 13 200 Hz作动下喷口流量时域曲线
Figure 13. Time domain curve of nozzle flow rate under 200 Hz actuation
表 1 压电堆栈主要参数
Table 1. Main parameters of piezoelectric stack
尺寸/（mm×mm×mm） 质量/g 标称行程/μm 静电容量（室温）/μF 刚度/（N·μm−1） 谐振频率/kHz 推力/N 工作电压/V 10×10×54 44.4 59.9 58.5 80 15 3 500 0～150 
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