Abstract: The brief development course of fatigue reliability design is reviewed. The concept and principle of equal damage design for fatigue reliability design of structure are proposed. Then the test is carried out in order to validate this design principle, and it is indicated that the parts of a structure designed according to the equal damage design method have the same damage at the given life and break down at the same time. And so it is feasible and easy for the structure to be designed by means of the method presented in this paper, and this method can be conveniently used by the engineers. On the basis of this fatigue reliability design method, the structure may be designed to be safe, reliable and light.