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摘要:
针对柱面磁轴承偏转时干扰力矩较大问题，本文提出一种径向球面纯电磁磁轴承设计方法。在本设计中，当磁轴承产生偏转或偏移时，电磁力会指向转子球心，从而降低定子磁极对转子产生的干扰力矩，提高磁轴承的控制精度。首先，阐述球面磁轴承的工作原理并建立数学模型，运用等效磁路理论方法和有限元数值方法分析其电流刚度和位移刚度，2种方法的计算结果基本吻合，表明球面磁轴承的有限元分析模型是合理的。接着，运用有限元方法分析球面磁轴承和柱面磁轴承产生偏转时的干扰力矩，结果表明当转子达到最大偏转角0.3°时，球面磁轴承的干扰力矩是柱面磁轴承的干扰力矩的1.8%，表明球面磁轴承相对于柱面磁轴承在抗干扰力矩能力方面有很大的提高。最后，进一步分析球面磁轴承产生X方向或Z方向偏移时的干扰力矩，计算结果与偏转时干扰力矩的量级相当。综上所述，本文提出的径向球面纯电磁磁轴承有低干扰力矩的优点，可用于航天航空工程中惯性执行机构的高精度控制和角速率检测。
Abstract:Due to the large interference torque of deflected cylindrical magnetic bearing, this paper designs a novel electromagnetic radial spherical magnetic bearing. When the spherical bearing deflects or offsets, the electromagnetic force will keep pointing to the center of the rotor, which can reduce the interference of the stator poles on the rotor torque and improve the control precision of the magnetic bearing. First, the working principle of the spherical magnetic bearing is illustrated and its mathematical model is established. By using the theory of equivalent magnetic circuit method and finite element numerical method, the current stiffness and displacement stiffness of the spherical bearing are calculated. The results of the two methods agree well with each other, indicating that the finite element model is reasonable. Then, the finite element method is used to analyze the interference torques when spherical magnetic bearings and cylindrical magnetic bearing deflect. The calculating results show that the interference torque of the spherical magnetic bearing is 1.8% that of the cylindrical magnetic bearing when rotor reaches the maximum deflection angle 0.3°, showing that spherical magnetic bearing relative to the cylindrical magnetic bearing has greatly improved in the ability of anti-interference torque. Finally, the interference torques of the spherical magnetic bearings with X and Z offsets are also analyzed, showing that the calculation results are quite to the deflection torque. Therefore, the designed electromagnetic radial spherical magnetic bearing has the advantage of low interference torque, and can be used for high-precision control and angular rate detection of inertial actuator in aerospace engineering.
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Key words:
- spherical magnetic bearing /
- cylindrical magnetic bearing /
- interference torque /
- deflect /
- offset
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图 2 径向球面磁轴承的等效磁路
Figure 2. Equivalent magnetic circuit of radial spherical magnetic bearing
图 3 径向球面磁轴承定、转子有限元模型
Figure 3. Finite element model of stator and rotor ofradial spherical magnetic bearing
图 4 径向球面磁轴承3种状态下的磁场强度分布
Figure 4. Radial spherical magnetic bearing magnetic field intensity distribution under three states
图 6 球面、柱面磁轴承有限元模型
Figure 6. Finite element model of spherical and cylindricalmagnetic bearing
图 7 球面、柱面磁轴承偏转干扰力矩分析
Figure 7. Analysis of interference torque of spherical andcylindrical magnetic bearing with deflection
图 8 球面磁轴承产生X方向和Z方向偏移时的干扰力矩
Figure 8. Interference torque of spherical magnetic bearings with X and Z offset
表 1 设计参数表
Table 1. Design parameter table
参数 数值 D1/mm 158 D2/mm 190 h/mm 16 ll/mm 70 t/mm 50 tt/mm 10 e/mm 10 d1/mm 157.3 d2/mm 100 δ0/mm 0.35 δ/mm 0.2 N 200 dd/mm 0.25×2 M/kg 6 Imax/A 1 I0/A 0.5 注：e—定子齿轴向间距;d2—转子内径。 
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表 2 计算结
Table 2. Calculation results
状态 起浮状态 偏置状态 悬浮状态 气隙磁感应强度/T 0.4,0.05 0.3 0.41,0.19 定子背轭磁感应强度/T 0.60 0.52 0.69 承载力/N 88 201 72.6 控制电流/A 0.45 0 0.18 电流密度/(A·mm-2) 9.7 5.1 6.9 偏移/mm 0.20 0 0.01
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