二维层状材料过渡金属硫化物

张千帆; 高磊; 田洪镇; 徐忠菲; 王亚鹏

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2016.0092

二维层状材料过渡金属硫化物

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2016.0092

北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院, 北京 100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（11404017）；博士点基金新教师类（20131102120001）；人力与社会资源保障部留学人员科技活动项目择优资助；新世纪优秀人才支持计划（NCET-12-0033）

详细信息

作者简介:
张千帆男，博士，副教授。主要研究方向：第一性原理材料计算及能源材料、拓扑绝缘体和层状结构材料。E-mail: qianfan@buaa.edu.cn

通讯作者:
张千帆,E-mail: qianfan@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: TQ584;O464
计量
- 文章访问数: 2230
- HTML全文浏览量: 98
- PDF下载量: 1888
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-01-26
- 网络出版日期: 2016-07-20

Two-dimensional layered materials of transition metal dichalcogenides

School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 过渡金属硫化物（TMDCs）纳米材料优异的性能有利于它在纳米电子学、光电子学和自旋电子学等领域广泛地应用。主要介绍了TMDCs材料最新的进展，概述了TMDCs的制备方法、性能以及纳米结构形态。纳米TMDCs层状材料边缘态对材料性能会产生重要的影响,着重介绍了低维纳米材料边缘态对性能（化学性能、电子性能和磁性能）的影响以及边缘态最新的研究进展，特别是TMDCs材料边缘态的磁性能为其在磁性和自旋领域潜在性的应用提供了可能，并且引起了广大研究者们的兴趣，从实验和理论2个方面总结了该领域的研究成果，为二维层状TMDCs材料的研究提供了支持。
- 过渡金属硫化物(TMDCs) /
- 层状材料 /
- 纳米结构 /
- 边缘态 /
- 磁性
Abstract: Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) nanomaterials have become a focus of research for their unique properties. Various remarkable properties of TMDCs materials provide possibility for their applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics and spintronics devices. This paper mainly introduces the recent advances of TMDCs in different fields with various excellent properties, and summarizes the preparation method, properties and nanostructure morphology of layered TMDCs materials. The edge states of layered TMDCs materials have important effect on the properties, which leads to superior properties different from bulk materials. In this paper, we emphasize the effects of edge states in low dimensional nanomaterials on the properties (chemical activity, electronic property and magnetic property) and the newest progress in edge states. Especially, the magnetic property in edges of TMDCs materials provides the opportunity for their potential usage in the field of magnetism and spintronics, which have aroused great interest of researchers. This paper summarizes the research achievements in TMDCs materials from theoretical and experimental perspectives, which would be supportive for the development of two-dimensional layered TMDCs materials.
- transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDCs) /
- layered materials /
- nanostructure /
- edge states /
- magnetic property

HTML全文

参考文献(116)

[1]	WOLF S A,AWSCHALOM D D,BUHRMAN R A,et al.Spintronics:A spin-based electronics vision for the future[J]Science,2001,294(5546):1488-1495.
[2]	HUANG J,DONG Z,LI Y,et al.MoS₂ nanosheet functionalized with Cu nanoparticles and its application for glucose detection[J].Materials Research Bulletin,2013,48(11):4544-4547.
[3]	NOVOSELOV K S,GEIM A K,MOROZOV S V,et al.Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films[J].Science,2004,306(5696):666-669.
[4]	HUO N,LI Y,KANG J,et al.Edge-states ferromagnetism of WS₂ nanosheets[J].Applied Physics Letters,2014,104:202406.
[5]	SHISHIDOU T,FREEMAN A J,ASAHI R.Effect of GGA on the half-metallicity of the itinerant ferromagnet CoS₂[J].Physical Review B,2001,64(18):180401.
[6]	TAKADA K,SAKURAI H,TAKAYAMA-MUROMACHI E,et al.Superconductivity in two-dimensional CoO₂ layers[J].Nature,2003,422(6927):53-55.
[7]	MENG F,LI J,CUSHING S K,et al.Solar hydrogen generation by nanoscale p-n junction of p-type molybdenum disulfide/n-type nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2013,135(28):10286-10289.
[8]	LEE C,LI Q,KALB W,et al.Frictional characteristics of atomically thin sheets[J].Science,2010,328(5974):76-80.
[9]	FENG J,SUN X,WU C,et al.Metallic few-layered VS₂ ultrathin nanosheets:High two-dimensional conductivity for in-plane supercapacitors[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2011,133(44):17832-17838.
[10]	RADISAVLJEVIC B,RADENOVIC A,BRIVIO J,et al.Single-layer MoS₂ transistors[J].Nature Nanotechnology,2011,6(3):147-150.
[11]	PERERA M M,LIN M W,CHUANG H J,et al.Improved carrier mobility in few-layer MoS₂ field-effect transistors with ionic-liquid gating[J].ACS Nano,2013,7(5):4449-4458.
[12]	CHANG M H,CHEN C J,LAI M S,et al.Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children[J].New England Journal of Medicine,1997,336(26):1855-1859.
[13]	LARENTIS S,FALLAHAZAD B,TUTUC E.Field-effect transistors and intrinsic mobility in ultra-thin MoSe₂ layers[J].Applied Physics Letters,2012,101(22):223104.
[14]	CHAMLAGAIN B,LI Q,GHIMIRE N J,et al.Mobility improvement and temperature dependence in MoSe₂ field-effect transistors on parylene-C substrate[J].ACS Nano,2014,8(5):5079-5088.
[15]	WABG H,YU L,LEE Y H,et al.Integrated circuits based on bilayer MoS₂ transistors[J].Nano Letters,2012,12(9):4674-4680.
[16]	LI H,YIN Z,HE Q,et al.Fabrication of single-and multilayer MoS₂ film-based field-effect transistors for sensing NO at room temperature[J].Small,2012,8(1):63-67.
[17]	PERKINS F K,FRIEDMAN A L,COBAS E,et al.Chemical vapor sensing with monolayer MoS₂[J].Nano Letters,2013,13(2):668-673.
[18]	EDA G,YAMAGUCHI H,VOIRY D,et al.Photoluminescence from chemically exfoliated MoS₂[J].Nano Letters,2011,11(12):5111-5116.
[19]	LAURITSEN J V,KIBSGAARD J,HELVEG S,et al.Size-dependent structure of MoS₂ nanocrystals[J].Nature Nanotechnology,2007,2(1):53-58.
[20]	ZHAN Y,LIU Z,NAJMAEI S,et al.Large-area vapor-phase growth and characterization of MoS₂ atomic layers on a SiO₂ substrate[J].Small,2012,8(7):966-971.
[21]	PENG Y,MENG Z,ZHONG C,et al.Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of single-molecular-layer MoS₂ and MoSe₂[J]Chemistry Letters,2001(8):772-773.
[22]	SALVATORE G A,MVNZENRIEDER N,BARRAUD C,et al.Fabrication and transfer of flexible few-layers MoS₂ thin film transistors to any arbitrary substrate[J].ACS Nano,2013,7(10):8809-8815.
[23]	WU J,LI H,YIN Z,et al.Layer thinning and etching of mechanically exfoliated MoS₂ nanosheets by thermal annealing in air[J].Small,2013,9(19):3314-3319.
[24]	LI Q,NEWBERG J T,WALTE E C,et al.Polycrystalline molybdenum disulfide (2H-MoS₂) nano-and microribbons by electrochemical/chemical synthesis[J].Nano Letters,2004,4(2):277-281.
[25]	NOVOSELOV K S,JIANG D,SCHEDIN F,et al.Two-dimensional atomic crystals[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(30):10451-10453.
[26]	COLEMAN J N,LOYTA M,O'NEILL A,et al.Two-dimensional nanosheets produced by liquid exfoliation of layered materials[J]Science,2011,331(6017):568-571.
[27]	JOENSEN P,FRINDT R F,MORRISON S R.Single-layer MoS₂[J].Materials Research Bulletin,1986,21(4):457-461.
[28]	GUTIÉRREZ H R,PEREA-LÓPEZ N,ELÍAS A L,et al.Extraordinary room-temperature photoluminescence in triangular WS₂ monolayers[J].Nano Letters,2013,13(8):3447-3454.
[29]	QIU H,XU T,WANG Z,et al.Hopping transport through defect-induced localized states in molybdenum disulphide[J].Nature Communications,2013,4:2642-2647.
[30]	SPLENDIANI A,SUN L,ZHANG Y,et al.Emerging photoluminescence in monolayer MoS₂[J].Nano Letters,2010,10(4):1271-1275.
[31]	ATACA C,SAHIN H,CIRAC S.Stable,single-layer MX₂ transition-metal oxides and dichalcogenides in a honeycomb-like structure[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2012,116(16):8983-8999.
[32]	DING Y,WANG Y,NI J,et al.First principles study of structural,vibrational and electronic properties of graphene-like MX₂ (M=Mo,Nb,W,Ta;X=S,Se,Te) monolayers[J].Physica B:Condensed Matter,2011,406(11):2254-2260.
[33]	KOBAYASHI K,YAMAUCHI J.Electronic structure and scanning-tunneling-microscopy image of molybdenum dichalcogenide surfaces[J].Physical Review B,1995,51(23):17085-17095.
[34]	KUC A,ZIBOUCHE N,HEINE T.Influence of quantum confinement on the electronic structure of the transition metal sulfide TS₂[J].Physical Review B,2011,83(24):2237-2249.
[35]	LIU L,KUMAR S B,OUYANG Y,et al.Performance limits of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide transistors[J].IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices,2011,58(9):3042-3047.
[36]	LEBEGUE S,ERIKSSON O.Electronic structure of two-dimensional crystals from ab initio theory[J].Physical Review B,2009,79(11):115409-115409.
[37]	BOLLINGER M V,JACOBSEN K W,NФRSKOV J K.Atomic and electronic structure of MoS₂ nanoparticles[J].Physical Review B,2003,67(8):283-287.
[38]	KOM T,HEYDRICH S,HIRMER M,et al.Low-temperature photocarrier dynamics in monolayer MoS₂[J].Applied Physics Letters,2011,99(10):102109.
[39]	MA Y,DAI Y,GUO M,et al.Electronic and magnetic properties of perfect,vacancy-doped,and nonmetal adsorbed MoSe₂,MoTe₂ and WS₂ monolayers[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2011,13(34):15546-15553.
[40]	KUMAR A,AHLUWALIA P K.Electronic structure of transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers 1H-MX₂ (M=Mo,W;X=S,Se,Te) from ab-initio theory:New direct band gap semiconductors[J].The European Physical Journal B,2012,85(6):1-7.
[41]	LI T.Ideal strength and phonon instability in single-layer MoS₂[J].Physical Review B,2012,85(23):235407.
[42]	YUE Q,KANG J,SHAO Z,et al.Mechanical and electronic properties of monolayer MoS₂ under elastic strain[J].Physics Letters A,2012,376(12):1166-1170.
[43]	JOHARI P,SHENOY V B.Tuning the electronic properties of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides by applying mechanical strains[J].ACS Nano,2012,6(6):5449-5456.
[44]	SCALISE E,HOUSSA M,POURTOIS G,et al.Strain-induced semiconductor to metal transition in the two-dimensional honeycomb structure of MoS₂[J].Nano Research,2012,5(1):43-48.
[45]	SHI H,PAN H,ZHANG Y W,et al.Quasiparticle band structures and optical properties of strained monolayer MoS₂ and WS₂[J].Physical Review B,2013,87(15):155304.
[46]	YUN W S,HAN S W,HONG S C,et al.Thickness and strain effects on electronic structures of transition metal dichalcogenides:2H-MX₂ semiconductors (M=Mo,W;X=S,Se,Te)[J].Physical Review B,2012,85(3):033305.
[47]	RAMASUBRAMANIAM A,NAVEH D,TOWE E.Tunable band gaps in bilayer transition-metal dichalcogenides[J].Physical Review B,2011,84(20):205325.
[48]	ATACA C,CIRACI S.Functionalization of single-layer MoS₂ honeycomb structures[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2011,115(27):13303-13311.
[49]	HE J,WU K,SA R,et al.Magnetic properties of nonmetal atoms absorbed MoS₂ monolayers[J].Applied Physics Letters,2010,96(8):082504.
[50]	KOH E W K,CHIU C H,LIM Y K,et al.Hydrogen adsorption on and diffusion through MoS₂ monolayer:First-principles study[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2012,37(19):14323-14328.
[51]	CAO T,WANG G,HAN W,et al.Valley-selective circular dichroism of monolayer molybdenum disulphide[J].Nature Communications,2012,3(2):177-180.
[52]	ZENG H,DAI J,YAO W,et al.Valley polarization in MoS₂ monolayers by optical pumping[J].Nature Nanotechnology,2012,7(8):490-493.
[53]	RAMASUBRAMANIAM A.Large excitonic effects in monolayers of molybdenum and tungsten dichalcogenides[J].Physical Review B,2012,86(11):115409.
[54]	SALLEN G,BOUET L,MARIE X,et al.Robust optical emission polarization in MoS₂ monolayers through selective valley excitation[J].Physical Review B,2012,86(8):081301.
[55]	XIAO D,LIU G B,FENG W,et al.Coupled spin and valley physics in monolayers of MoS₂ and other group-VI dichalcogenides[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,108(19):196802.
[56]	ZHAO W,GHORANNEVIS Z,CHU L,et al.Evolution of electronic structure in atomically thin sheets of WS₂ and WSe₂[J]ACS Nano,2013,7(1):791-797.
[57]	PAN H,ZHANG Y W.Tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of MoS₂ nanoribbons by strain engineering[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2012,116(21):11752-11757.
[58]	ZHU Z Y,CHENG Y C,SCHWINGENSHLÖGL U.Giant spin-orbit-induced spin splitting in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenide semiconductors[J].Physical Review B,2011,84(15):153402.
[59]	BERTOLAZZI S,BRIVIO J,KIS A.Stretching and breaking of ultrathin MoS₂[J].ACS Nano,2011,5(12):9703-9709.
[60]	DALLAYALLE M,SÄNDIG N,ZERBETTO F.Stability,dynamics,and lubrication of MoS₂ platelets and nanotubes[J].Langmuir,2012,28(19):7393-7400.
[61]	VARSHNEY V,PATNAIK S S,MURATORE C,et al.MD simulations of molybdenum disulphide (MoS₂):Force-field parameterization and thermal transport behavior[J].Computational Materials Science,2010,48(1):101-108.
[62]	YAN R,SIMPSON J R,BERTOLAZZI S,et al.Thermal conductivity of monolayer molybdenum disulfide obtained from temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy[J].ACS Nano,2014,8(1):986-993.
[63]	ZHANG Z,XIE Y,PENG Q,et al.Thermal transport in MoS₂/graphene hybrid nanosheets[J].Nanotechnology,2015,26(37):375402.
[64]	HUANG W,LUO X,GAN C K,et al.Theoretical study of thermoelectric properties of few-layer MoS₂ and WSe₂[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2014,16(22):10866-10874.
[65]	JI X,LEE K T,NAZAR L F.A highly ordered nanostructured carbon-sulphur cathode for lithium-sulphur batteries[J].Nature Materials,2009,8(6):500-506.
[66]	BRUCE P G,FREUNBERGER S A,HARDWICK L J,et al.Li-O₂ and Li-S batteries with high energy storage[J].Nature Materials,2012,11(1):19-29.
[67]	YANG Y,ZHENG G,CUI Y.Nanostructured sulfur cathodes[J].Chemical Society Reviews,2013,42(7):3018-3032.
[68]	SEH Z W,YU J H,LI W,et al.Two-dimensional layered transition metal disulphides for effective encapsulation of high-capacity lithium sulphide cathodes[J].Nature Communications,2014,5:5017-5017.
[69]	WANG H T,ZHANG Q F,YAO H B,et al.High electrochemical selectivity of edge versus terrace sites in two-dimensional layered MoS₂ materials[J].Nano Letters,2014,14(12):7138-7144.
[70]	SEH Z W,ZHANG Q,LI W,et al.Stable cycling of lithium sulfide cathodes through strong affinity with a bifunctional binder[J].Chemical Science,2013,4(9):3673-3677.
[71]	LI W,ZHANG Q,ZHENG G,et al.Understanding the role of different conductive polymers in improving the nanostructured sulfur cathode performance[J].Nano Letters,2013,13(11):5534-5540.
[72]	DAVID L,BHANDAVAT R,SINGH G.MoS₂/graphene composite paper for sodium-ion battery electrodes[J].ACS Nano,2014,8(2):1759-1770.
[73]	ZHANG Q,WANG Y,SEH Z W,et al.Understanding the anchoring effect of two-dimensional layered materials for lithium-sulfur batteries[J].Nano Letters,2015,15(6):3780-3786.
[74]	IIJIMAIJ S.Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon[J].Nature,1991,354(6348):56-58.
[75]	XIONG F,WANG H,LIU X,et al.Li intercalation in MoS₂:In situ observation of its dynamics and tuning optical and electrical properties[J].Nano Letters,2015,15(10):6777-6784.
[76]	HARRIS P J F.Carbon nanotubes and related structures:New materials for the twenty-first century[J].American Journal of Physics,2001,72(3):415-415.
[77]	TENNE R,MARGULIS L,GENUT M,et al.Polyhedral and cylindrical structures of tungsten disulphide[J].Nature,1992,360(6403):444-446.
[78]	TENNE R,RAO C N R.Inorganic nanotubes[J].Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A:Mathematical,Physical and Engineering Sciences,2004,362(1823):2099-2125.
[79]	LIU X,XU T,WU X,et al.Top-down fabrication of sub-nanometre semiconducting nanoribbons derived from molybdenum disulfide sheets[J].Nature Communications,2013,4(2):216-219.
[80]	HELVEG S,LAURITSEN J V,LÆGSGAARD E,et al.Atomic-scale structure of single-layer MoS₂ nanoclusters[J].Physical Review Letters,2000,84(5):951-954.
[81]	PAN H,ZHANG Y W.Edge-dependent structural,electronic and magnetic properties of MoS₂ nanoribbons[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2012,22(15):7280-7290.
[82]	LI Y,ZHOU Z,ZHANG S,et al.MoS₂ nanoribbons:High stability and unusual electronic and magnetic properties[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2008,130(49):16739-16744.
[83]	BOLLINGER M V,LAURITSEN J V,JACOBSEN K W,et al .One-dimensional metallic edge states in MoS₂[J].Physical Review Letters,2001,87(19):196803-196804.
[84]	BYSKOV L S,NФRSKOV J K,CLAUSEN B S,et al.DFT calculations of unpromoted and promoted MoS₂-based hydrodesulfurization catalysts[J].Journal of Catalysis,1999,187(1):109-122.
[85]	LI T,GALLI G.Electronic properties of MoS₂ nanoparticles[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2007,111(44):16192-16196.
[86]	ATACA C,SAHIN H,AKTURK E,et al.Mechanical and electronic properties of MoS₂ nanoribbons and their defects[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2011,115(10):3934-3941.
[87]	KARTHIKEYAN J,KUMAR V,MURUGAN P.Atomic structure and edge magnetism in MoS_2+x parallelogram shaped platelets[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2013,15(31):13077-13082.
[88]	DOLUI K,PEMMARAJU C D,SANVITO S.Electric field effects on armchair MoS₂ nanoribbons[J].ACS Nano,2012,6(6):4823-4834.
[89]	PRINS R,DE BEER V H J,SOMORJAI G A.Structure and function of the catalyst and the promoter in Co-Mo hydrodesulfurization catalysts[J].Catalysis Reviews—Science and Engineering,1989,31(1-2):1-41.
[90]	LAURITSEN J V,NYBERG M,VANG R T,et al.Chemistry of one-dimensional metallic edge states in MoS₂ nanoclusters[J].Nanotechnology,2003,14(3):385-389.
[91]	CLAUSEN B S,LENGELER B,CANDIA R,et al.Exafs studies of calcined and sulfided CO-Mo HDS catalysts[J].Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges,1981,90(12):1249-1259.
[92]	PARHAM T G,MERRILL R P.An EXAFS study of the structure of supported cobalt molybdate catalysts as a function of sulfiding temperature[J].Journal of Catalysis,1984,85(2):295-310.
[93]	TAUSTER S J,PECORARO T A,CHIANELLI R R.Structure and properties of molybdenum sulfide:Correlation of O₂ chemisorption with hydrodesulfurization activity[J].Journal of Catalysis,1980,63(2):515-519.
[94]	CANDIA R,SФRENSEN O,VILLADSEN J Ф R,et al.Effect of sulfiding temperature on activity and structures of CO-MO/Al₂O₃ catalysts.ⅱ[J].Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges,1984,93(8-9):763-774.
[95]	DRESSELHAUS M S,THOMAS I L.Alternative energy technologies[J].Nature,2001,414(6861):332-337.
[96]	BONDE J,MOSES P G,JARAMILLO T F,et al.Hydrogen evolution on nano-particulate transition metal sulfides[J].Faraday Discussions,2009,140:219-231.
[97]	VIELSTICH W，GASTEIGER H A，YOKOKAWA H.Handbook of fuel cells:Advances in electrocatalysis,materials,diagnostics and durability[M].[S.l.]:Willey-Blackwell,2009:403-419.
[98]	JARAMILLO T F,JΦRGENSEN K P,BONDE J,et al.Identification of active edge sites for electrochemical H₂ evolution from MoS₂ nanocatalysts[J].Science,2007,317(5834):100-102.
[99]	JARAMILLO T F,BONDE J,ZHANG J,et al.Hydrogen evolution on supported incomplete cubane-type [Mo₃S₄]₄₊ electrocatalysts[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry C,2008,112(45):17492-17498.
[100]	LI Y,WANG H,XIE L,et al.MoS₂ nanoparticles grown on graphene:An advanced catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction[J].Journal of the American Chemical Society,2011,133(19):7296-7299.
[101]	TSAI C,CHAN K,ABILD-PEDERSENe F,et al.Active edge sites in MoSe₂ and WSe₂ catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction:A density functional study[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2014,16(26):13156-13164.
[102]	XU C,PENG S,TAN C,et al.Ultrathin S-doped MoSe₂ nanosheets for efficient hydrogen evolution[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014,2(16):5597-5601.
[103]	VOIRY D,YAMAGUCHI H,LI J,et al.Enhanced catalytic activity in strained chemically exfoliated WS₂ nanosheets for hydrogen evolution[J].Nature Materials,2013,12(9):850-855.
[104]	MA Y,DAI Y,GUO M,et al.Evidence of the existence of magnetism in pristine VX₂ monolayers (X=S,Se) and their strain-induced tunable magnetic properties[J].ACS Nano,2012,6(2):1695-1701.
[105]	ZHOU Y,YANG P,ZU H,et al.Electronic structures and magnetic properties of MoS₂ nanostructures:Atomic defects,nanoholes,nanodots and antidots[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2013,15(25):10385-10394.
[106]	MATHEW S,GOPINADHAN K,CHAN T K,et al.Magnetism in MoS₂ induced by proton irradiation[J].Applied Physics Letters,2012,101(10):102103.
[107]	MURUGAN P,KUMAR V,KAWAZO Y,et al.Atomic structures and magnetism in small MoS₂ and WS₂ clusters[J].Physical Review A,2005,71(6):362-368.
[108]	ZHANG J,SOON J M,LOH K P,et al.Magnetic molybdenum disulfide nanosheet films[J].Nano Letters,2007,7(8):2370-2376.
[109]	LI H,QI X,WU J,et al.Investigation of MoS₂ and graphene nanosheets by magnetic force microscopy[J].ACS Nano,2013,7(3):2842-2849.
[110]	TONGAY S,VAMOOSFADERANI S S,APPLETON B R,et al.Magnetic properties of MoS₂:Existence of ferromagnetism[J]Applied Physics Letters,2012,101(12):123105.
[111]	BOTELLO-MÉNDEZ A R,LOPEZ-URIAS F,TERRONES M,et al.Metallic and ferromagnetic edges in molybdenum disulfide nanoribbons[J].Nanotechnology,2009,20(32):14582-14582.
[112]	LU P,WU X,GUO W,et al.Strain-dependent electronic and magnetic properties of MoS₂ monolayer,bilayer,nanoribbons and nanotubes[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2012,14(37):13035-13040.
[113]	KOU L,TANG C,ZHANG Y,et al.Tuning magnetism and electronic phase transitions by strain and electric field in zigzag MoS₂ nanoribbons[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters,2012,3(20):2934-2941.
[114]	VOJVODIC A,HINNEMANN B,NΦRSKOV J K.Magnetic edge states in MoS₂ characterized using density-functional theory[J].Physical Review B,2009,80(12):125416.
[115]	HU T,ZHOU J,DONG J,et al.Electronic and magnetic properties of armchair MoS₂ nanoribbons under both external strain and electric field,studied by first principles calculations[J].Journal of Applied Physics,2014,116(6):064301.
[116]	XIA B,GAO D,LIU P,et al.Zigzag-edge related ferromagnetism in MoSe₂ nanoflakes[J].Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2015,17(48):32505-32510.