飞翼布局飞机侧风起降特性

丛斌; 王立新

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2016.0458

飞翼布局飞机侧风起降特性

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2016.0458

丛斌,
王立新^,

北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院, 北京 100083

详细信息

作者简介:
丛斌，男，博士研究生。主要研究方向：飞翼布局、飞行动力学与控制、飞行安全等

王立新，男，博士，教授，博士生导师。主要研究方向：飞机设计、飞行动力学与控制、飞行安全等

通讯作者:
王立新, E-mail: wlx_c818@163.com

中图分类号: V212.12
计量
- 文章访问数: 1166
- HTML全文浏览量: 194
- PDF下载量: 432
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-05-31
- 录用日期: 2016-09-02
- 网络出版日期: 2017-05-20

Crosswind take-off and landing characteristics of flying wings

CONG Bin,
WANG Lixin^,

School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: WANG Lixin, E-mail:wlx_c818@163.com

摘要

摘要:
飞翼布局飞机的动态特性与常规飞机相差较大，在侧风起降过程中呈现出新的运动特性。对侧风起降过程中飞翼布局飞机的配平特性与响应特性进行了计算与分析，掌握了其区别于常规飞机的特点，侧风对飞翼布局飞机起降安全影响最严重为侧翻效应；结合新型操纵舵面的操纵特性与使用特性，对飞翼布局飞机起降阶段的效能需求开展了分析；通过对常用的侧风操纵策略进行了仿真计算与对比分析，提出了适用于飞翼布局飞机的侧风起降操纵策略。
- 飞翼 /
- 侧风起降 /
- 新型操纵舵面 /
- 侧风操纵策略 /
- 效能需求
Abstract:
The stability and controllability characteristics of flying wings are much different from those of conventional airplanes. This difference is prevalent in crosswind take-off and landing. To ensure flight safety in these circumstances, this paper conducts calculation and analysis of trim and response characteristics in crosswind take-off and landing for flying wings. From these, the differences between flying wings and conventional airplanes are derived, with the conclusion that the roll-over is the most serious problem for flying wings taking off or landing in crosswinds. The control efficiency requirements of innovative control surfaces on flying wings during take-off and landing are analyzed based on the control surfaces' control and usability characteristics. Two control strategies commonly applied to flight in crosswind conditions are simulated and compared; a suitable one for flying wings is proposed.
- flying wing /
- crosswind take-off and landing /
- innovative control surface /
- crosswind control strategy /
- efficiency requirement

HTML全文

图 1 算例飞机舵面配置

Figure 1. Control surface configuration of example aircraft

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 飞机本体侧风响应曲线

Figure 2. Crosswind response curves of aircraft

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 抬前轮阶段受力分析

Figure 3. Force and moment analysis in rotation period

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 进场示意图

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of approaching

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 着陆响应曲线

Figure 5. Response curves during landing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 横航向气动导数对比

Table 1. Comparison of lateral aerodynamic derivatives

飞机	C_cβ	C_nβ	C_lβ	\|C_nβ/C_lβ\|
算例飞翼	-0.003	-0.007	-0.09	0.078
A-4D	-0.03	0.26	-0.13	2
F-16	-0.02	0.17	-0.25	0.68
注：C_cβ—侧滑角引起的侧力系数; C_nβ，C_lβ—航向、横向静稳定导数。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 侧风配平结果

Table 2. Trim results in crosswind

配平参数	V/(m·s^-1)	V_w/(m·s^-1)	ϕ/(°)	δ_r/(°)	δ_a/(°)
数值	60	15	0.4	-17.3	-9.9
注：V—飞机飞行速度；V_w—侧风速度。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 侧风情形力矩系数

Table 3. Coefficients of moments in crosswind

参数	V/(m·s^-1)	V_w/(m·s^-1)	C_n	C_{n_c}	C_l	C_{l_c}
数值	60	15	0.046	0.129	0.439	0.693

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 侧风起飞舵面配平结果

Table 4. Control surface deflection trim results during take-off in crosswind

配平参数	V_R/(m·s^-1)	V_w/(m·s^-1)	δ_e/(°)	δ_al/(°)	δ_ar/(°)	δ_r/(°)
数值	60	15	-20	-26.2	-10.1	-9.2

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 侧滑法着陆舵面偏角计算结果

Table 5. Rudder deflection angle calculation results during landing with sideslip method

参数	H/m	V₀/(m·s^-1)	V_td/(m·s^-1)	V_w/(m·s^-1)	δ_a/(°)	δ_rl/(°)	δ_rr/(°)
数值	100	85	70	15	10.2	40.2	28.6

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 偏航法着陆舵面偏角计算结果

Table 6. Rudder deflection angle calculation results during landing with crab method

参数	H/m	V₀/(m·s^-1)	V_td/(m·s^-1)	V_w/(m·s^-1)	δ_rl/(°)	δ_rr/(°)
数值	100	85	70	15	45.2	30.7

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(15)

[1]	高金源, 李陆豫, 冯亚昌, 等.飞机飞行品质[M].北京:国防工业出版社, 2003:261-264. GAO J Y, LI L Y, FENG Y C, et al.Aircraft flying qualities[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press, 2003:261-264(in Chinese).
[2]	FOSTER T M, BOWMAN W J.Dynamic stability and handling qualities of small unmanned-aerial-vehicles:AIAA-2005-1023 [R].Reston:AIAA, 2005.
[3]	马超, 王立新.飞翼布局作战飞机起降特性分析[J].北京航空航天大学学报, 2009, 35(4):429-433. http://bhxb.buaa.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract8918.shtml MA C, WANG L X.Take-off and landing features of flying-wing configuration fighter[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009, 35(4):429-433(in Chinese). http://bhxb.buaa.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract8918.shtml
[4]	李林, 马超, 王立新.大展弦比飞翼构型的横航向操纵特性[J].北京航空航天大学学报, 2007, 33(10):1186-1190. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5965.2007.10.014 LI L, MA C, WANG L X.Lateral-directional control characteristics of high aspect-ratio flying wings configurations[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007, 33(10):1186-1190(in Chinese). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5965.2007.10.014
[5]	王艳丽, 周洲, 张琳.飞翼无人机侧风着陆控制方法研究[J].飞行力学, 2009, 27(1):24-26. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10287-2007194445.htm WANG Y L, ZHOU Z, ZHANG L.Flying wing UAV crosswind landing control mothed[J].Flight Dynamics, 2009, 27(1):24-26(in Chinese). http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10287-2007194445.htm
[6]	王磊, 王立新, 贾重任.飞翼布局飞机开裂式方向舵作用特性和使用特点[J].航空学报, 2011, 32(8):1392-1399. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKXB201108003.htm WANG L, WANG L X, JIA Z R.Control features and application characteristics of split drag rudder utilized by flying wing[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2011, 32(8):1392-1399(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKXB201108003.htm
[7]	MA C, WANG L X.Flying-wing aircraft control allocation[C]//Proceedings of 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.Reston: AIAA, 2009.
[8]	马超, 李林, 王立新.大展弦比飞翼布局飞机新型操纵面设计[J].北京航空航天大学学报, 2007, 33(2):149-153. http://bhxb.buaa.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9622.shtml MA C, LI L, WANG L X.Design of innovative control surfaces of flying wing aircrafts with large ratio aspect[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007, 33(2):149-153(in Chinese). http://bhxb.buaa.edu.cn/CN/abstract/abstract9622.shtml
[9]	马亭亮.侧风对飞机起飞着陆的影响及修正原理[J].技术研发, 2013, 20(13):66-67. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYS201311038.htm MA T L.Research on influences of crosswind and modification methods during take-off and landing period[J].Technology and Market, 2013, 20(13):66-67(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSYS201311038.htm
[10]	张立彬, 苏胜昔.关于飞机侧风着陆问题的分析[J].飞行力学, 2002, 20(4):51-55. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FHLX200204012.htm ZHANG L B, SU S X.Analysis to the problem of airplane's cross-wind landing[J].Flight Dynamics, 2002, 20(4):51-55(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FHLX200204012.htm
[11]	宋辉, 陈欣, 李春涛.大展弦比无人机抗侧风着陆控制研究[J].飞行力学, 2011, 29(6):26-30. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FHLX201106007.htm SONG H, CHEN X, LI C T.Research on automatic landing control for high span-chord ratio UAV in crosswind[J].Flight Dynamics, 2011, 29(6):26-30(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FHLX201106007.htm
[12]	嵇鼎毅, 陆宇平.飞翼布局无人机抗侧风自动着陆控制[J].飞机设计, 2011, 29(6):25-28. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10287-2007194445.htm JI D Y, LU Y P.Automatic crosswind landing control for umnanned air vehicles with a flying wing configuration[J].Aircraft Design, 2011, 29(6):25-28(in Chinese). http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10287-2007194445.htm
[13]	王鹏, 马松辉, 陈怀民.飞翼无人机着陆过程中的抗侧风控制研究[J].计算机仿真, 2007, 26(12):78-81. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJZ200912026.htm WANG P, MA S H, CHEN H M.Research on counteracting side wind in landing control for fly-wing UAV[J].Computer Simulation, 2007, 26(12):78-81(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJZ200912026.htm
[14]	马超, 李林, 王立新.小展弦比飞翼布局作战飞机可控性设计方法[J].航空学报, 2008, 29(4):788-794. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKXB200804005.htm MA C, LI L, WANG L X.Design method of controllability of low aspect-ratio flying wing configuration combat aircraft[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2008, 29(4):788-794(in Chinese). http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HKXB200804005.htm
[15]	方振平, 陈万春, 张曙光.航空飞行器飞行动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005:206. FANG Z P, CHEN W C, ZHANG S G.Aircraft flight dynamics[M].Beijing: Beihang University Press, 2005:206(in Chinese).