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摘要:
余度设计是飞行管理系统研制过程中提升其安全性的主要手段之一。针对余度设计受制造预算（经济性）与使用阶段维修保障资源消耗（可靠性）的制约问题，基于飞行管理系统的安全性、基本可靠性及经济性数学模型，利用改进后适用于整数优化的遗传算法，提出了一种以安全性为目标、基本可靠性与经济性为约束的余度配置优化方法，并以实例说明其适用于较为复杂系统的余度配置优化。经过敏感性分析发现，安全性指标最优值随着基本可靠性约束下限的提高而降低，随着经济性约束上限的增加而增加。2种约束条件对优化目标竞争约束，在同一时刻只有1种约束条件起主要约束作用。
Abstract:Aircraft management system is an important part to guarantee flight safety, and redundancy design is the main method to improve the safety of the system. The redundancy design, however, is constrained by the budget (economy) in the design and manufacture and the consumption of the maintenance support resources (reliability). According to the safety, basic reliability and economy models of aircraft management system, a redundancy configuration optimization method was proposed by using the improved integer optimal genetic algorithm, with safety as the objective, and basic reliability and economy as the constraint. Then an example was taken to show its effectiveness to the complex system redundancy optimization. The sensitivity analysis shows that the safety optimal value declines with the increase of the basic reliability lower bound, and rises with the increase of the economy upper bound. For two constraints on the optimization of the objective competitive constraints, at the same time only one constraint condition plays a major constraint role. These two constraint conditions play a role in the competition, and at the same time there is only one main constraint.
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图 4 基本可靠性和经济性约束下敏感性分析
Figure 4. Sensitivity analysis of basic reliability and economy constraints
表 1 飞管系统相关参数
Table 1. Related parameters of flight management system
设备名称 MTBF/(106h) MTBCF/(106h) 单价/万元 余度范围 大气数据传感器 3.0 3.8 3 1~4 速率陀螺组 1.2 2.9 5 1~4 加速度计组 2.7 7.6 2 1~4 激光惯导 3.3 8.7 8 1~4 无线电高度表 0.6 4.6 1 1~4 飞管计算机 0.9 5.7 98 1 模拟接口设备 12.9 72.7 0.8 1 数字接口设备 8.9 56.6 0.9 1 作动器远程控制终端 1.2 22.8 3.2 1~4 舵机1 2.3 12.4 1.2 1~4 作动筒1 0.8 6.3 0.5 1~4 舵机2 2.3 12.4 1.2 1~4 作动筒2 0.8 6.3 0.5 1~4 
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表 3 不同基本可靠性约束下限对应余度优化结果
Table 3. Equipment redundancy optimization results with different basic reliabilities lower bounds
基本可靠性约束下限 余度 大气数据传感器 速率陀螺组 加速度计组 激光惯导 无线电高度表 作动器远程控制终端 舵机1 作动筒1 舵机2 作动筒2 0.990 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0.996 0 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 0.996 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 2 2 2 0.996 5 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0.996 6 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0.996 7 2 2 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0.996 8 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 0.997 0 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 2 0.997 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 0.997 5 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 2 0.997 7 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 0.997 9 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 0.998 0 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0.998 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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表 4 不同经济性约束上限对应余度优化结果
Table 4. Equipment redundancy optimization results with different economy upper bounds
经济性约束上限/万元 余度 大气数据传感器 速率陀螺组 加速度计组 激光惯导 无线电高度表 作动器远程控制终端 舵机1 作动筒1 舵机2 作动筒2 140 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 150 3 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 160 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 170 3 3 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 3 180 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4
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