Quantified effects of high-altitude wind on route performance of large passenger plane
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摘要:
高空风会影响大型客机航线飞行的油耗和飞行时间。本文提出了一种计算高空风对航线性能量化影响的方法，并分析了高空风对航线性能的量化影响。建立了有风条件下飞机的飞行仿真模型，提出了针对飞机航线飞行的驾驶员建模方法，基于“驾驶员-飞机”闭环数字虚拟飞行仿真方法，提出了一种计算高空风条件下飞机航线性能的方法。对算例飞机在典型航线下的油耗、飞行距离、飞行时间进行了计算与分析。结果表明：在飞行距离相同时，顺风可以减少飞机的航线飞行时间并降低油耗，逆风会增加飞机的航线飞行时间并增加油耗；由于高空风的影响，部分航线往返飞行时，油耗和飞行时间相差较大；对于部分远程航线，由于高空风的影响，为满足最大起飞重量限制，飞机需要减小商载以装载更多燃油，确保能够飞抵目的机场。
Abstract:High-altitude wind affects the fuel consumption and flight time of large passenger plane route flight. This paper is aimed at proposing a method to calculate the route performance of aircraft in high-altitude wind, and analyzing the effects of high-altitude wind on route performance of large passenger plane. A flight simulation model of aircraft in the wind was established. A pilot modeling method for aircraft route flight was proposed. Based on the "pilot-aircraft" closed-loop digital virtual flight simulation, a method to calculate the route performance of aircraft in high-altitude wind was proposed. The fuel consumption, flight time and flight distance of the example aircraft under the typical route were calculated and analyzed. The study shows that, in the same flight distance, the fuel consumption and flight time of the plane are reduced by the tailwind and increased by the headwind. Due to the effects of high-altitude wind, the fuel consumption and flight time can be big difference in some round-trip route. In some long-distance route, due to the effects of high-altitude wind, in order to meet the maximum takeoff weight limit, the payload should be reduced to load more fuel, so as to reach the terminal airport.
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Key words:
- aircraft /
- flight dynamics /
- flight performance /
- route performance /
- flight simulation /
- high-altitude wind
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图 1 北京—昆明航线FL340高度层风速大小和方向
Figure 1. Wind speed and direction of Beijing—Kunming route (FL340 height layer)
图 2 “驾驶员-飞机”闭环飞行仿真模型结构
Figure 2. Structure of "pilot-aircraft" closed-loop flight simulation model
图 4 基于数字虚拟飞行的航线性能计算流程图
Figure 4. Flowchart of route performance calculation based on digital virtual flight
图 5 算例飞机执行北京—昆明航线飞行仿真结果
Figure 5. Example aircraft flight simulation results on Beijing—Kunming route
表 1 算例飞机的部分航线性能计算结果
Table 1. Some route performance calculation results of example aircraft
航线 飞行距离/km 油耗/kg 飞行时间/min 有风 无风 有风 无风 北京—昆明 2 189 13 484 14 501 145 156 昆明—北京 21 89 15 175 13 923 175 160 北京—约翰内斯堡 12 448 83 417 77 530 904 834 约翰内斯堡—北京 12 448 71 831 76 274 782 840 
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