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摘要:
为扩展4轴机床的加工能力，使4轴机床具有使用鼓形刀具加工叶轮类零件的能力，将4轴机床扩展至4+2轴机床。从机构学角度对4+2轴机床进行运动学分析，证明了4+2轴加工方法的刀具姿态具有一个可优化的角度。根据机床运动链模型，推导了机床半联动轴参数与刀具姿态角度、联动轴运动参数之间的运动变换关系，得到了求解切触点处刀位信息的方法。根据对复杂曲面的几何分析、刀具干涉和机床运动范围，给出了一种4+2轴加工叶片的2个半联动轴参数选择方法。推导了4+2轴加工方法的刀轨生成算法。通过4+2轴叶轮加工实验，验证了4+2轴加工方法的可行性。实验结果表明，4+2轴加工方法生成的刀轨可用，使用4+2轴加工方法加工叶轮叶片的方案是可行的，具有生产应用价值。
Abstract:The purpose of this study is to enhance the machine tool's processing capability by improving the machine tool from 4-axis to 4+2-axis, which endows the machine tool the ability to process impeller using the barrel cutter. We first analyzed the dynamic performance of the 4+2-axis machine tool with theory of mechanism, which demonstrates that the tool position has one optimizable parameter. Then, we derived the relationship among the half-linkage axis parameters, the tool position, and the linkage axis movement parameters, and obtained a method for solving the position at the cutter contact point. Based on the geometrical analysis of the complex surface, mechanical interference and the movement range of the machine tool, we provided a method to choose the parameters of two half-linkage axes when processing the impeller by using 4+2-axis, and deduced an algorithm for generating the tool path. We finally tested the tool path by experiments. The results show that the proposed 4+2-axis machining method for processing impeller blade is feasible and has promising production and application value.
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图 5 锥面上的任意主轴方向经A轴运动皆可目标刀轴方向重合
Figure 5. Every tool axis direction in a cone coinciding with target tool axis direction by rotating around A axis
图 8 半对称鼓形刀刃口母线尺寸
Figure 8. Generatrix dimensions of semi-symmetric drum-like cutting edge
图 9 叶背刀轴矢量端点分布
Figure 9. Distribution of tool axis vector endpoints on suction surface
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