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摘要:
为从受谐波和随机噪声干扰的振动信号中提取出故障冲击成分，融合四大基本形态学算子提出了改进形态滤波方法——平均组合差值形态滤波（ACDIF）方法，同时与固有时间尺度分解（ITD）相结合，并将ITD-ACDIF方法应用到滚动轴承的故障诊断中。首先，对轴承振动信号进行ITD分解得到一系列旋转分量（PRC）；然后，以峭度为准则筛选出含故障信息丰富的有效PRC，对每个有效分量进行ACDIF滤波提取冲击成分进行信号重构；最后，利用频谱分析提取重构信号中的故障特征。数值仿真和轴承故障振动信号的试验结果表明，本文方法可有效滤除谐波干扰，提取强背景噪声下的冲击故障特征，实现设备的故障诊断。
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关键词:
- 轴承故障 /
- 固有时间尺度分解(ITD) /
- 旋转分量(PRC) /
- 改进形态滤波 /
- 故障诊断
Abstract:For extracting fault impulse components embedded in the vibration signal with much noise and harmonics, an improved morphological filter algorithm called average combination difference morphological filter (ACDIF) is proposed on the basis of the four basic morphological operators. Then ACDIF is combined with the intrinsic time scale decomposition (ITD) and the ITD-ACDIF method is employed in the fault diagnosis for rolling bearing. In the ITD-ACDIF fault diagnosis method, ITD is applied to the original vibration signal and a series of proper rotation components (PRC) are obtained, and then the kurtosis is regarded as criterion to select effective PR components which contain much fault-related information. After that, ACDIF filtering is performed on each effective PR in order to pick up bidirectional impulses, and filtered PRs are combined into a signal. Finally, the fault feature is extracted from reconstructed signal by amplitude spectrum. The experimental results on simulated signal and actual bearing vibration signal demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively suppress noise interference and extracting the characteristics of impact fault under the strong background noise to realize fault diagnosis of equipment.
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图 2 仿真信号时域波形及其幅值谱
Figure 2. Time-domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of simulated signal
图 7 合成信号时域波形及其幅值谱
Figure 7. Time-domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of synthetic signal
图 9 外圈故障信号时域波形及其幅值谱
Figure 9. Time-domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of outer race fault signal
图 11 外圈故障信号有效PRC ACDIF滤波后结果
Figure 11. Filtering results of effective PRC of outer race fault signal
图 12 外圈合成信号时域波形及其幅值谱
Figure 12. Time-domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of outer race synthetic signal
图 13 ITD-DIF结果信号的时域波形及其幅值谱
Figure 13. Time-domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of ITD-DIF result signal
图 15 EMD-ACDIF结果信号的时域波形及其幅值谱
Figure 15. Time-domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of EMD-ACDIF result signal
图 16 Hilbert解调结果信号的时域波形及其幅值谱
Figure 16. Time-domain waveform and amplitude spectrum of Hilbert demodulation result signal
表 1 轴承结构参数
Table 1. Structure parameters of bearing
参数 数值 负载/kN 12.74 节径/mm 65.5 钢球直径/mm 15.08 钢球数 8 接触角/(°) 0 
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表 2 轴承外圈故障数据
Table 2. Fault data of bearing outer race
参数 数值 采样频率/kHz 20.0 采样点数 2 048 发动机转速/(r·min-1) 4 000 转轴基频/Hz 66.67 故障频率/Hz 205.29
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表 3 各PRC及R的峭度值
Table 3. Kurtosis values of PRC and R
分量 峭度 PRC1 3.52 PRC2 3.46 PRC3 4.83 PRC4 2.83 R 2.44
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表 4 各IMF分量及R的峭度值
Table 4. Kurtosis values of IMF components and R
分量 峭度 IMF1 4.36 IMF2 3.43 IMF3 2.98 IMF4 2.85 R 2.57
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