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摘要:
随着全球导航卫星系统反射信号（GNSS-R）的提出，其在海冰检测领域的应用也越来越广泛。北斗地球同步轨道（GEO）卫星的角速度较小且仰角变化仅有3°~4°，因此在相同观测地点其镜面反射点的空间位置非常稳定，可以提高特定区域海冰检测的时间分辨率。对在中国渤海湾进行的2次岸基海冰检测实验（2015年1月24日和2016年1月30日至2月4日）进行分析，验证了北斗GEO B1反射信号对沿岸海冰进行长时间连续检测的可行性。第1个实验结果显示海冰密集度与2颗GEO卫星C01和C03的极化比值结果具有相关性；第2个实验结果显示3颗GEO卫星C01、C02和C03检测的海冰极化比值与大气温度存在正相关关系，其中C01、C02和C03的极化比值与大气温度的相关值分别为0.61、0.72和0.57。
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关键词:
- 北斗卫星导航系统 /
- 地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星 /
- 反射信号 /
- 极化比 /
- 海冰探测
Abstract:With the development of global navigation satellite system reflected signals (GNSS-R), its application to sea ice detection has increased recently. The angular speed of BeiDou geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite is small and the angle of elevation varies for only 3-4 degrees. Therefore, the space position of the specular reflection point at the same observation site is stable. The stable elevation of BeiDou GEO satellite can increase the time resolution of sea ice detection. In this paper, two experiments were performed in Bohai Bay of China to detect coastal sea ice using BeiDou GEO satellite reflected signals on January 24, 2015 and from January 30 to February 4, 2016. This paper applies the feasibility of long time continuous detection of coastal sea ice by the Beidou GEO B1 reflection signal. The first experimental results showed that sea ice concentration is correlated with the polarization ratio of Beidou GEO satellites C01 and C03. The second experimental results show that there is a positive correlation between the sea ice polarization ratio detected by GPS GEO satellites C01 and C02 and C03, and the relative values of C01, C02 and C03 polarization ratio to atmospheric temperature are 0.61, 0.72 and 0.57, respectively.
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图 1 2016年2月1日的24 h北斗混合星座代表卫星的时序图
Figure 1. 24 h timing diagram of BeiDou mixed constellation (February 1, 2016)
图 3 实验场地接收机和镜面反射点位置
Figure 3. Receiver and specular reflection points of experimental area
图 4 2016年1月30日实验地点卫星天顶图
Figure 4. Skyplot of satellite at experiment point (January 30, 2016)
图 5 2015年1月24日08：24时刻C01卫星路径延迟与相关功率关系曲线
Figure 5. Relationship between path delay and related power of C01 satellite (January 24, 2015, 08:24)
图 7 C01和C03卫星的极化比、海冰密集度和大气温度变化
Figure 7. Polarization ratio, sea ice concentration and atmospheric temperature change of C01 and C03 satellites
图 8 极化比与大气温度的关系
Figure 8. Relationship between polarization ratio and atmospheric temperature
表 1 D-RHCP、R-LHCP和R-RHCP天线的参数对比
Table 1. Comparison of parameters of D-RHCP, R-LCHP and R-RHCP antennas
参数 D-RHCP
天线R-LHCP
天线R-RHCP
天线工作温度/℃ -55~+85 -40~+80 -55~+85 天线增益/dB 3 12 12 波束角/(°) 0~360 21 21 质量/kg < 0.2 1.2 1.2 尺寸/(mm×mm×mm) 119×76×18 212×212×20 212×212×20 
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表 2 2016年实验中每天的海冰密集度
Table 2. Daily sea ice concentration of experiment in 2016
时刻 海水密集度 2016-01-30 2016-01-31 2016-02-01 2016-02-02 2016-02-03 2016-02-04 08:00 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.93 1.00 0.97 11:00 0.94 0.97 1.00 1.00 0.95 0.95 14:00 0.95 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.94 17:00 0.95 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.94
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表 3 极化比和大气温度的相关性
Table 3. Relationship between polarization ratio and atmospheric temperature
卫星 仰角/(°) 相关值 总相关值 2016-01-30 2016-01-31 2016-02-01 2016-02-02 2016-02-03 2016-02-04 C01 38 0.55 0.67 0.82 0.71 0.45 0.49 0.61 C02 30 0.66 0.78 0.80 0.76 0.84 0.68 0.72 C03 43 0.54 0.57 0.73 0.72 0.60 0.52 0.57
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表 4 2次实验的RMSϕ值的标准差
Table 4. Standard deviation of RMSϕ of two experiments
实验 标准差 C01 C02 C03 第1次 0.129 7 0.143 7 第2次 0.002 6 0.002 4 0.002 3
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