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摘要:
气象因素对航空飞行意义重大。为了考察航空飞行的燃油效率，基于飞机性能数据库（BADA）模型，考虑气象因素，建立飞机燃油消耗的修正模型。以广州白云国际机场某进港航班为例，开展飞机进近飞行仿真试验，从燃油流量和燃油消耗量2个维度分别讨论气温、气压、风速变化对飞机燃油效率的影响。结果表明：气象因素与飞机燃油效率存在明显的相关性。当飞机飞行高度一定时，气温升高，燃油流量和燃油消耗量增大，燃油效率降低；气压增强，燃油流量无明显变化，燃油消耗量略有降低，燃油效率升高；风速增加，燃油流量和燃油消耗量先减小后增大，燃油效率先升后降，风速为4 m/s时燃油效率最高。当飞机飞行高度下降时，气温和气压升高，风速下降，燃油流量小幅度波动上升，燃油效率降低。最佳气象条件下，一次进近飞行能减少约3%的燃油消耗。研究结果对提高实际飞行的燃油效率有一定的参考意义。
Abstract:Meteorological factors are significant to aviation flight. To investigate the fuel efficiency in aviation flight, base of aircraft data (BADA) model was combined with meteorological factors, and the aircraft fuel consumption correction model was built. Taking the example of one inbound flight approach at Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, the flight simulation tests were developed and the influence of the change in air temperature, air pressure and wind speed on aircraft fuel efficiency was discussed from two aspects:fuel flow and fuel consumption. The results show that the correlation between meteorological factors and fuel efficiency is obvious. When aircraft flight altitude is certain, if air temperature rises, fuel flow and fuel consumption increase, and fuel efficiency decreases; if air pressure rises, fuel flow changes little but fuel consumption slightly decreases, and fuel efficiency increases; if wind speed rises, fuel flow and fuel consumption firstly decrease and then increase, fuel efficiency increases first and decreases afterwards, and fuel efficiency is the highest when wind speed is 4 m/s. If flight altitude reduces, air temperature and air pressure increase but wind speed increases, fuel flow increases with a slight fluctuation, and fuel efficiency decreases. Fuel consumption in approach can be reduced by about 3% under the best meteorological factors. The study results are significant for improving the fuel efficiency in actual flight.
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Key words:
- meteorological factors /
- air temperature /
- air pressure /
- wind speed /
- fuel efficiency /
- fuel flow /
- fuel consumption
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图 3 气温-飞行高度-燃油流量关系
Figure 3. Relationship among air temperature, flight height and fuel flow
图 5 气压-飞行高度-燃油流量关系
Figure 5. Relationship among air pressure, flight height and fuel flow
图 7 风速-飞行高度-燃油流量关系
Figure 7. Relationship among wind speed, flight height and fuel flow
表 1 广州白云国际机场2016年9月26日10:00—12:00气象实况
Table 1. Actual weather of 10:00-12:00 at Guangzhou Baiyun Airport on September 26, 2016
天气 气压/Pa 气温/℃ 风向 风速/(m·s-1) 阴 100300 23 西北风 4 
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表 2 实际气象和最佳气象的省油效果对比
Table 2. Fuel saving comparison between actual meteorological factors and optimal meteorological factors
气象 气温/℃ 气压/Pa 风速/(m·s-1) 燃油消耗量/kg 省油量/kg 省油比例/% 实际气象 23 100300 4 234.353 最佳气象 20 101500 4 227.741 6.612 2.82
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