基于经验小波变换的复合材料板声发射源定位

袁梅; 商富凯; 董韶鹏

doi:10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2017.0527

基于经验小波变换的复合材料板声发射源定位

doi: 10.13700/j.bh.1001-5965.2017.0527

袁梅^{1, 2},
商富凯¹,
董韶鹏^1, ,

1.
北京航空航天大学自动化科学与电气工程学院, 北京 100083
2.
先进航空发动机协同创新中心, 北京 100083

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 51375030

详细信息

作者简介:
袁梅  女, 博士, 副教授。主要研究方向:结构健康监测技术、信号处理技术、嵌入式系统及自动测试技术先进传感技术、检测技术及自动化装置等

商富凯  男, 硕士研究生。主要研究方向:结构健康监测技术、信号处理技术

董韶鹏  男，硕士，实验师。主要研究方向：结构健康监测技术、信号处理技术、单片机及嵌入式系统、自动测试技术等

通讯作者:
董韶鹏.E-mail:dspsx@buaa.edu.cn

中图分类号: V219;TN911.7
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-21
- 录用日期: 2017-12-04
- 网络出版日期: 2018-07-20

Acoustic emission source location for composite plate based on empirical wavelet transform

YUAN Mei^{1, 2},
SHANG Fukai¹,
DONG Shaopeng^{1
, ,}

1.
School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Aero-Engine, Beijing 100083, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 51375030

More Information

Corresponding author: DONG Shaopeng.E-mail:dspsx@buaa.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
声发射（AE）技术是一种无损检测方法，可以对飞行器中复合材料结构的动态缺陷进行监测。针对AE信号模态成分复杂以及复合材料各向异性导致源定位精度不高的问题，提出基于经验小波变换（EWT）的广义互相关（GCC）时差定位（TDOA）算法。通过EWT对传感器观测到的AE信号进行自适应的分解重构得到其主频模态，有效提高了各通道信号间的相关系数；通过多向波速测量实验对波速进行了多项式拟合；采用GCC法求取各通道信号的时差对AE源进行定位。在平台实验中以T800型碳纤维复合材料板为对象，以断铅信号为AE源对算法进行了验证，实验结果证明了算法的准确性和实用性。
- 声发射(AE) /
- 源定位 /
- 复合材料 /
- 经验小波变换(EWT) /
- 互相关 /
- 时差定位(TDOA)
Abstract:
Acoustic emission (AE) technique is a non-destructive damage test method. It can be used to monitor the dynamic defects of composite structures in aircraft. The complex components of AE signal and the anisotropy of composite materials lead to the low positioning accuracy of the source. A method of time difference of arrival (TDOA) based on empirical wavelet transform (EWT) and generalized cross-correlation (GCC) is proposed to improve the location accuracy of AE source. EWT is used to adaptively decompose and reconstruct the AE signals observed by sensors. The dominant frequency modes are obtained and the correlation coefficients between signals in each channel are effectively increased. The wave velocity is polynomial fitted by the multidirectional wave velocity measurement experiment. Then the AE source is located by using GCC method to estimate the time difference of each channel. Experiments are conducted on a T800 carbon fiber composite plate with the signal of lead break as simulating source. The experimental results show the accuracy and practicability of the proposed algorithm.
- acoustic emission (AE) /
- source location /
- composite /
- empirical wavelet transform (EWT) /
- cross-correlation /
- time difference of arrival (TDOA)

HTML全文

图 1 GCC原理框图

Figure 1. Functional block diagram of GCC

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图 2 TDOA原理图

Figure 2. Schematic of TDOA

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图 3 实验平台示意图

Figure 3. Schematic of experimental platform

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图 4 实际断铅信号

Figure 4. Actual lead break signal

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图 5 断铅信号EWT分解结果

Figure 5. EWT decomposition results of lead break signal

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图 6 波速测量实验

Figure 6. Experiment of wave velocity measurement

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图 7 波速与传播方向关系曲线

Figure 7. Relation curve of wave velocity and propagation direction

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图 8 4路传感器观测信号

Figure 8. Observed signals of four sensors

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图 9 4路传感器观测信号主频模态

Figure 9. Dominant frequency modes of observed signals of four sensors

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表 1 权值函数表达式及特性

Table 1. Expression and characteristics of weighted function

函数名称	表达式	特性
CC	1	相当于普通的互相关法
Roth		相当于Winener滤波，可以抑制噪声大的频带，但会展宽函数的峰
PHAT		当信号能量较小时分母趋于零，会增大误差，可在分母加入固定常数进行改进
SCOT		与Roth类似，综合考虑两通道信号的影响
注：G₁₁(ω)与G₂₂(ω)分别为通道1和2信号自功率谱密度，G₁₂(ω)为通道1和2信号互功率谱密度。

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表 2 各传播方向波速

Table 2. Wave velocities of different propagation directions

波速与纤维夹角/(°)	波速/(m·s^-1)
0	2 473.3
15	2 421.6
30	2 352.1
45	2 264.2
60	2 159.1
75	2 066.7
90	1 949.8

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