Effectiveness analysis of pupil diameter detection for air traffic controller's fatigue
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摘要:
管制疲劳已成为影响民航安全的重大隐患，而准确地检测疲劳是进行疲劳预警、降低疲劳风险的重要手段。为了探讨瞳孔直径是否能有效地检测管制疲劳状态，利用模拟塔台管制软件和眼动仪搭建了实验平台，采集了被试的瞳孔数据和主观疲劳状态，通过分析不同航班流量下疲劳前后瞳孔直径的差异显著性以及变化趋势，探讨了瞳孔直径指标作为检测管制疲劳状态的有效性。研究结果表明：工作时间增大，被动疲劳增加，瞳孔直径减小；航班流量增大，主动疲劳增加，瞳孔直径增大；2种因素共同制约瞳孔直径的变化。通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析可得，瞳孔直径在0.47架次/min与0.9架次/min 2种不同航班流量下的ROC曲线下方面积（AUC值）分别为0.714和0.653，可以作为检测管制疲劳状态的参考指标。
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关键词:
- 瞳孔 /
- 眼动 /
- 空中交通管制 /
- 疲劳 /
- 受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线
Abstract:Air traffic controllers' fatigue has become a major hazard to affect civil aviation safety, and accurate detection of fatigue is an important means for fatigue warning and fatigue risk reduction. In order to study whether the pupil diameter can detect air traffic controllers' fatigue effectively, an experimental platform was constructed by using tower control simulation software and eye tracker, and the pupil data and subjective fatigue degree were collected. By analyzing the significance test of difference and change tendency of pupil diameter before and after fatigue at different flight flow rates, the effectiveness of pupil diameter index in detecting fatigue state was discussed. The study results show that when working time increases, the passive fatigue increases, and the pupil diameter decreases; when the flight flow increases, the active fatigue increases, and the pupil diameter increases. Both the factors restrict the change of pupil diameter. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis results show that the area under curve (AUC) values of the pupil diameter at 0.47 flight sorties per minute and 0.9 flight sorties per minute were 0.714 and 0.653 respectively, so pupil diameter can be an index for detecting air traffic controllers' fatigue.
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Key words:
- pupil /
- eye movement /
- air traffic control /
- fatigue /
- receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve
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图 2 各被试在A组和B组实验下瞳孔直径及其标准差变化
Figure 2. Pupil diameter and its standard deviation of subjects in group A and B
图 3 各被试在A、B两组疲劳前后的瞳孔直径变化率
Figure 3. Rate of change of subjects' pupil diameter before and after fatigue in group A and B
图 4 A组和B组瞳孔直径随时间变化散点图
Figure 4. Scattered plot of pupil diameters with time in group A and B
图 5 瞳孔直径检测管制疲劳的ROC曲线
Figure 5. ROC curves of pupil diameter to detect air traffic controller's fatigue
表 1 各被试疲劳前后瞳孔直径描述性统计
Table 1. Descriptive statistics of subjects' pupil diameter before and after fatigue
被试编号 A组瞳孔直径/mm B组瞳孔直径/mm 疲劳前 疲劳后 疲劳前 疲劳后 1 5.57(0.39) 4.90 (0.42) 5.58 (0.40) 5.06(0.40) 2 4.71(0.32) 4.00 (0.48) 4.74 (0.34) 4.30(0.37) 4 4.95(0.35) 4.32 (0.41) 4.70 (0.33) 4.46(0.38) 6 6.37(0.35) 5.85 (0.49) 6.00 (0.51) 5.72(0.42) 7 6.06(0.37) 5.94 (0.45) 5.93 (0.51) 5.81(0.43) 8 4.26(0.25) 4.05 (0.35) 4.27 (0.22) 4.17(0.22) 10 4.80(0.32) 4.17 (0.35) 4.69 (0.35) 4.62(0.30) 
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