Influence of ionization on hypersonic thermo-chemical non-equilibrium aerodynamic thermal environments
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摘要:
高超声速飞行，激波后高温气体会发生电离，飞行器气动热环境复杂。5组元（N2，O2，NO，O，N）、7组元（N2，O2，NO，O，N，NO+，e-）和11组元（N2，O2，NO，O，N，N2+，O2+，NO+，O+，N+，e-）热化学反应采用Gupta化学反应模型，分别数值研究电离作用对高超声速热化学非平衡气动热环境影响。本文分析了不同催化壁面条件下，高超声速热化学非平衡电离流场气动热环境特性。电离作用对激波离体距离和气动力载荷的影响很小。5组元热化学非平衡不考虑电离作用，流场温度和壁面热流密度偏大。11组元热化学平衡强电离流场温度最低；7组元热化学非平衡弱电离流场NO+和e-生成量过低；11组元热化学反应能对热化学非平衡电离流场气动力和热流密度载荷可靠预测。壁面催化作用会增大壁面热流密度，但它对高超声速热化学非平衡电离流场温度和气动力载荷的影响很小。
Abstract:The high temperature gas after shock wave occurs to ionize in hypersonic flight, which makes the aerodynamic thermal environments to be complicated. The 5 species (N2, O2, NO, O, N), 7 species (N2, O2, NO, O, N, NO+, e-) and 11 species (N2, O2, NO, O, N, N2+, O2+, NO+, O+, N+, e-) thermo-chemical reactions of Gupta's chemical reaction model were taken to numerically study the influence of ionization on hypersonic thermo-chemical non-equilibrium aerodynamic thermal environments, respectively. The characteristics of hypersonic thermo-chemical non-equilibrium ionization flow field aerodynamic thermal environments in different catalytic wall conditions were also researched. The effect of ionization on the shock standoff distance and the aerodynamic force load is very small. The flow filed temperature and the wall heat flux calculated by 5 species thermo-chemical non-equilibrium reactions are much bigger because the effect of ionization is not considered. The hypersonic strong ionization flow field temperature calculated by 11 species thermo-chemical equilibrium reactions is the lowest. The amounts of NO+ and e- in hypersonic weak ionization flow field calculated by 7 species thermo-chemical non-equilibrium reactions are too small. The aerodynamic force and the wall heat flux loads in hypersonic thermo-chemical non-equilibrium ionization flow field can be effectively predicted by 11 species thermo-chemical reactions. The wall heat flux increases when the effect of wall catalysis is considered. However, the temperature of hypersonic thermo-chemical non-equilibrium ionization flow field and the aerodynamic force load are less affected by the wall catalysis.
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Key words:
- hypersonic /
- ionize /
- thermo-chemical non-equilibrium /
- aerodynamic thermal environment /
- catalytic wall
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图 1 11组元与5组元热化学非平衡流场平动-转动温度(Tt-r)
Figure 1. Translational-rotational temperatures (Tt-r) calculated by 11 and 5 species in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium flow fields
图 2 11组元与5组元热化学反应不同温度沿驻点线分布
Figure 2. Distribution of different temperatures calculated by 11 and 5 species thermo-chemical reactions along stagnation point line
图 3 不同中性组元沿驻点线质量分数
Figure 3. Mass fractions of different neutral species along stagnation point line
图 4 11组元与5组元化学反应壁面压强与热流密度对比
Figure 4. Comparison of wall pressures and heat fluxes calculated by 11 and 5 species chemical reactions
图 5 不同电离状态下流场平动-转动温度
Figure 5. Translational-rotational temperatures in different ionization flow fields
图 6 不同电离状态下各种温度沿驻点线分布
Figure 6. Distribution of different temperatures calculated in different ionization conditions along stagnation point line
图 7 7组元和11组元热化学非平衡流场NO+摩尔分数
Figure 7. NO+ mole fractions in 7 and 11 species thermo-chemical non-equilibrium flow fields
图 8 7组元和11组元热化学非平衡流场e-摩尔分数
Figure 8. e- mole fractions in 7 and 11 species thermo-chemical non-equilibrium flow fields
图 9 不同电离状态下壁面压强与热流密度对比
Figure 9. Comparison of wall pressures and heat fluxes calculated in different ionization conditions
图 10 不同催化壁面热化学非平衡电离流场平动-转动温度
Figure 10. Translational-rotational temperatures in thermo-chemical non-equilibrium ionization flow fields in different wall catalytic conditions
图 11 不同催化壁面压强与热流密度
Figure 11. Wall heat fluxes and pressures calculated in different wall catalytic conditions
表 1 Gupta化学反应模型
Table 1. Gupta's chemical reaction model
序号 化学反应式 1 N2+ M1⇌2N+M1 2 N2+N⇌2N+N 3 O2+M2⇌2O+M2 4 NO+M2⇌N+O+M2 5 N2+O⇌NO+N 6 NO+O⇌O2+N 7 N+O⇌NO++e- 8 O+e-⇌O++e-+e- 9 N+e-⇌N++e-+e- 10 O+O⇌O2++e- 11 O+O2+⇌O2+O+ 12 N2+N+⇌N+N2+ 13 N+N⇌N2++e- 14 O2+N2⇌NO+NO++e- 15 NO+M3⇌NO++e-+M3 16 O+NO+⇌NO+O+ 17 N2+O+⇌O+N2+ 18 N+NO+⇌NO+N+ 19 O2+NO+⇌NO+O2 20 O+NO+⇌O2+N+ 注：M1= N2, O2, O, NO; M2= N2, O2，N, O, NO; M3= N2, O2。 
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