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摘要:
为了克服相控阵波束仅具有角度分辨力的缺陷，频控阵通过在阵元间加入相对于载频十分微小的频率增量，实现了波束的距离-角度二维相关。引入3种接收信号处理机制，并对其进行理论推导分析，仿真说明了其中2种机制的实用性。针对指向误差存在情况下，估计的目标导向矢量与真实的目标导向矢量失配的问题，采用稳健Capon波束形成（RCB）算法，给出纠正偏差后的导向矢量闭式解，并在2种信号处理机制下，对其方向图进行了仿真。结果表明，利用RCB算法能在目标位置形成高增益，干扰位置形成零陷，验证了算法在频控阵中应用的有效性。
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关键词:
- 频控阵 /
- 信号处理 /
- 指向误差 /
- 稳健Capon波束形成(RCB) /
- 导向矢量
Abstract:In order to overcome the defect that the phased array beam has only angular resolution, the two-dimensional range-angle correlation of the beam is realized by adding a very small frequency increment relative to the carrier frequency between the array elements in the frequency diverse array. Three kinds of reception signal processing mechanism were introduced, and the theoretical deduction and analysis were carried out. The simulation shows the practicability of the two mechanisms. Aimed at target steering vector estimation and real target steering vector mismatch problem in the presence of the pointing error, the closed solution of the corrected steering vector is given by using robust Capon beamforming(RCB) algorithm. And in the two kinds of signal processing mechanism, the beampattern is simulated. The simulation results show that the RCB algorithm can form a high gain in the target position and form a null in the interference position. The effectiveness of the algorithm in the frequency diverse array is verified.
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图 3 不同处理机制接收方向图(仿真1)
Figure 3. Receiving beampattern of different processing mechanism (Simulation 1)
图 4 不同处理机制接收方向图(仿真2)
Figure 4. Receiving beampattern of different processing mechanism (Simulation 2)
图 5 基于RCB的发射、接收和发射-接收方向图(机制1)
Figure 5. Transmitting, receiving and transmitting-receiving beampattern based on RCB (Mechanism 1)
图 6 目标位置距离维和角度维发射-接收方向图(机制1)
Figure 6. Transmitting-receiving beampattern of range dimension and angle dimension at target position (Mechanism 1)
图 7 基于RCB的发射、接收和发射-接收方向图(机制3)
Figure 7. Transmitting, receiving and transmitting-receiving beampattern based on RCB (Mechanism 3)
图 8 目标位置距离维和角度维发射-接收方向图(机制3)
Figure 8. Transmitting-receiving beampattern of range dimension and angle dimension at target position (Mechanism 3)
表 1 仿真参数
Table 1. Simulation parameters
参数 数值 ULA-FDA阵元总数N 12 载频f0/GHz 10 频偏Δf/kHz 4.5 阵元间距d c/(2f0) 目标位置 
(30°, 50 km) 
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